TCG Dumlupınar (1950)

USS ''Blower'' (SS-325), a ''Balao''-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy that was later transferred to the Turkish Naval Forces in 1950 under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program, where she was recommissioned as the second TCG ''Dumlupınar''. She sank after an accident off the coast of Turkey following a joint NATO training exercise on 4 April 1953.

Career (US)

Named after a type of pufferfish of the Atlantic coast of the United States and the West Indies, ''Blower'' (SS-325) was launched 23 April 1944 by Electric Boat Co., Groton, Conn.; sponsored by Mrs. Richard F. J. Johnson, wife of Commander Johnson, and commissioned 10 August 1944.

''Blower'' arrived at Pearl Harbor 16 December 1944 and, after undergoing voyage repairs and training exercises got underway for her first war patrol 17 January 1945. She completed three war patrols before the termination of hostilities, all in the Java and South China seas. All three patrols proved unprofitable for ''Blower'' and she arrived at Fremantle, Australia, from her last patrol 28 July 1945. ''Blower'' departed the Southwest Pacific in September 1945 and, after engaging in training exercises around the Marianas and Caroline Islands for several months, proceeded to the United States via Pearl Harbor, arriving at San Diego 29 January 1946.

From 1946 through 1949 ''Blower'' was attached to the Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet. She operated mainly along the west coast on scheduled torpedo exercises submerged sound school operations, and training programs. During the latter part of 1946 she made a cruise to Japan, via Pearl Harbor and the Marianas. Early in 1947 she participated in fleet operations near Pearl Harbor.

During August–September 1948 ''Blower'' operated in Alaskan waters with patrolling along the contour of the Arctic ice pack in the Chukchi Sea, carrying out radar tracking and sonar exercises. Returning to San Diego, the ship continued scheduled operations until early 1950 when she departed for the east coast to join Submarine Force, Atlantic Fleet. She arrived at Philadelphia 3 March and underwent repairs at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard until September. On 27 September she arrived at New London, Connecticut, where she trained Turkish naval personnel.

Career (Turkey)

''Blower'' was decommissioned at the Naval Submarine Base New London on 16 November 1950, and transferred to Turkey under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program, where she was recommissioned as the second TCG ''Dumlupınar'' - an important name in Turkish history, and the name of the final and defining battle of the Turkish War of Independence. After serving Turkey for close to three years, TCG ''Dumlupınar'' was lost due to an accident on 4 April 1953, when, while returning from the NATO training mission "Blue Sea", she collided with the Swedish freighter '' M/V Naboland'' off Nara Point in the Dardanelles and sank. Ninety-four submariners died in the accident due to drowning, bodily injury, and carbon dioxide poisoning. Presently, the ''TCG Dumlupınar'', along with its perished crew, lies at a depth of 90 meters.

The Dumlupınar Tragedy

Late evening on 3 April 1953, Turkish submarines ''TCG İnönü I'' and ''TCG Dumlupınar'' started their voyage home to the TAF Naval Yards in Gölcük after completing their respective missions in a regular NATO training exercise in the Mediterranean. On 4 April 1953 at 02:10am, they entered the Dardanelles (aka, Çanakkale Strait) en route to Gölcük with 96 crew members - 88 men inside the vessel, and 8 men on deck.

There was heavy mist in the strait that night, which severely limited visibility. Lieutenant Hüseyin İnkaya was on deck duty when the ''Dumlupınar'' was suddenly and violently struck by something unseen off Nara point - the narrowmost (1.2 km, 0.75 mi) and deepest (113 m, 370 ft) point of the Dardanelles, as well as the point where the currents are the strongest at up to 5 nautical miles versus 1–2 elsewhere on the strait. The eight crew members who were on deck at the moment of collision were thrown off into the water from the force of the impact,
with two crew members being killed by the submarine's propellers, while another drowned in the ensuing commotion.

''Dumlupınar'' had been rammed by Swedish cargo ship ''M/V Naboland'' in her bow torpedo room on the starboard side, and started to take water in her front compartments. Due to the scale of the damage caused and the subsequent explosion in her central compartment, ''Dumlupınar'' sank within minutes. Most communications were severed along with her electrical power. The 88 surviving men inside the submarine, seeing that the vessel was taking water from the bow, tried to reach the stern to seek shelter in the torpedo room, with many of them perishing in the rapidly rising waters. Of the original 88, only 22 were able to reach and lock themselves in the stern torpedo compartment, and released an emergency communications buoy with the hope of contacting surface rescue workers.

Shortly after the collision, a customs ship that was anchored in nearby Eceabat Harbor was alerted to the incident by a small motorboat that had heard the impact. When the customs ship reached the site of the incident, they saw that ''M/V Naboland'' had lowered their rescue boats and life jackets to aid any surviving members of ''Dumlupınar'', and were firing flares to alert potential rescue workers in the area. The customs ship took on board the five rescued sailors from ''Dumlupınar'' that had not gone down with the submarine, and took them to local hospitals. Three of the hospitalized officers would succumb to their injuries the next day.

Nobody on the surface was aware of the level of casualties at the time, and authorities called the submarine rescue ship ''Kurtaran'' to the scene to help the remaining sailors. While waiting for ''Kurtaran'', the sun began to rise, the heavy mist started to clear, and the customs ship spotted the emergency communications buoy that had been released by the trapped sailors. Second handsman of the customs ship Selim Yoludüz reached for the phone located inside of the communications buoy and read the inscription on it, which said, "''The submarine TCG Dumlupınar, commissioned to the Turkish Navy, has sunk here. Open the hatch to establish contact with the submarine''".

Following these directions, Yoludüz established contact with the sunken submarine, and was responded to by Lieutenant Selami Özben, who informed Yoludüz that the submarine was leaning 15 degrees to the starboard side after impact with a cargo ship, and that the surviving 22 members of crew were locked away in the stern torpedo compartment with no power or supplies. Yoludüz, in turn, informed Lieutenant Özben that they were in the Nara Bay area of Çanakkale, at approximately 90 meters depth, that the rescue ship ''Kurtaran'' was on its way, and that they would do everything they can to rescue the trapped sailors.

''Kurtaran'' arrived at the scene at approximately 11:00am on 4 April, about 9 hours after the initial impact, alongside Admiral Sadık Altıncan and Governor Safaeddin Karnakçı. Throughout the ensuing rescue operation, Lt.Özben kept in regular contact with Yoludüz, as well as the Admiral of the Çanakkale Sea Forces Zeki Adar, and the second captain of the sister submarine ''İnönü I'', Suat Tezcan. The rescuers implored the trapped sailors to keep their spirits up, and advised them to refrain from talking, singing or smoking in order to preserve precious oxygen.

Despite numerous attempts by engineers, divers, and US and Turkish naval vessels, the rescue efforts were unsuccessful due to the severe currents and the depth of the ''Dumlupınar'', and the morale of the trapped crew began to decline. By afternoon, the voices of the 22 sailors were quieting, and were being replaced by prayers. Finally, the rescue workers told the sailors, "Gentlemen, now you can talk, you can sing, you can even smoke". Lt. Özben responded with a final "For our country", and at approximately 15:00 (3pm) on 4 April, the cable that was holding the communications buoy broke, disconnecting the last means of communication between the surface and the doomed submarine.

Despite the lack of communication, operations continued in order to rescue the trapped men, attracting widespread attention from the Turkish public. On 7 April 1953, three days after the accident, it was declared that the rising carbon dioxide levels inside the submarine would have killed any surviving crew, and the rescue operation was abandoned.

The following day, at 15:00 (3pm), a memorial ceremony was held on the ship ''Başaran''.

The incident, has since inspired numerous songs and tributes in honor of the fallen sailors, and is commemorated every year in Turkey on 4 April.

References

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External links

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''History of Turkish Submarines'' (1948–1972)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blower (Ss-325)
Balao-class submarines
Ships built in Groton, Connecticut
1944 ships
World War II submarines of the United States
Cold War submarines of the United States
Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Turkish Navy
Balao-class submarines of the Turkish Navy
Ships sunk in collisions
Shipwrecks in the Dardanelles
Maritime incidents in 1953