The Sultanate of Sambas (
Malay/
Indonesian: كسلطانن سمبس, ''Kesultanan Sambas'') was a traditional
Malay state on the Western coast of the island of
Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and e ...
, in modern-day
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
.
History
At first governed by governors, Sambas became a kingdom in 1609 with the descendant of Sepudak. She married one of her daughters to a prince of
Sultan Muhammad Hassan of Brunei,
Prince Tengah whom later became the first and the last Sultan of
Sarawak
Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
for
Bruneian Empire
Bruneian may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Brunei
* A person from Brunei, or of Bruneian descent. For information about the Bruneian people, see Demographics of Brunei and Culture of Brunei. For specific Bruneians, see List of Bruneians. ...
. The child of this union, Muhammad Saif ud-din I became the first Muslim Sultan of Sambas.
Sambas remained independent until the era of the
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...
, when the capital was bombarded in 1812. The Dutch took control in 1819, leading into frequent minglings into succession, deposing and exiling Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II to Java.
The state was stable, featuring strong, durable leaders, until the Japanese conquest of 1942, when Sultan Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din II was executed in the
Pontianak Incident at
Mandor
Mandor is an ILRC and village in Phagi Tehsil in Jaipur district, Rajasthan.
Mandor has seven patwar circles - Kansel, Pachala, Mandor, Rotwara, Ladana, Sawai Jaisinghpura and Sultaniya
Soltaniyeh ( fa, سلطانيه, also Romanized ...
in 1944. The Sultanate was thereafter suspended and replaced by a Japanese council. It returned with the return of the Dutch in 1946. They installed another Sultan, who died in 1956, ending the line.
From 1984, the head of the Royal House was
Winata Kusuma of Sambas, who was recognised as Sultan in 2000 and installed in July 2001. He died in 2008.
The Sultan
The meaning of "Sultan" is "His Highness" and his royal name consists of ''Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku'', followed by his personal reign name, ''ibni al-Marhum'' and concludes with his father's reigning titles and his name.
The wife of the Sultan is titled ''Sri Paduka Ratu'' .
The Sultanate followed male
primogeniture
Primogeniture ( ) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relativ ...
, with the sons of royal wives having precedence over those of common wives.
List of rulers
Panembahan Ratu (King) of Sambas:
* Timbang Paseban (1600–1609)
* Sepudak (1609–1632)
* Anom Kesumayuda (1632–1670)
Sultanate of Sambas:
* Muhammad Shafi ud-din I (1675–1685)
* Muhammad Taj ud-din I (1685–1708)
* Umar Aqam ud-din I (1708–1732)
* Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din I (1732–1764)
* Umar Akam ud-din II (1764–1786)
* Achmad Taj ud-din II (1786–1793)
* Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I (1793–1815)
* Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I (1815–1828)
* Usman Kamal ud-din (1828–1832)
* Umar Akam ud-din III (1832–1846)
* Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II (1846–1854)
* Umar Kamal ud-din (1854–1866)
* Muhammad Shafi ud-din II (1866–1924)
* Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din II (1924–1926)
* Muhammad Tayeb (Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1926 - 1931)
* Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din (1931–1943)
* Muchsin Panji Anom (Chief of Dewan Majelis Kesultanan Sambas 1946 - 1950)
* Muhammad Taufik (Head of the Royal Family 1950 - 1984)
* Winata Kusuma (Head of the Royal Family 1984 - 2000, Sultan 2000 - 2008, died 1 February 2008)
* Muhammad Tarhan (Head of the Royal Family since 3 February 2008)
Family tree
External links
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090125055935/http://bt.com.bn/en/golden_legacy/2009/01/11/sambas_sultanate_descents_from_brunei
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultanate Of Sambas
Former countries in Borneo
Precolonial states of Indonesia
West Kalimantan
Islamic states in Indonesia
Former sultanates