The Sultan of Johor is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

n state of

Johor Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest. Johor shares maritime ...

. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a ''

bendahara Bendahara ( Jawi: بنداهارا) is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a heredi ...

''. Currently, the role of ''bendahara'' has been taken over by

first minister A first minister is any of a variety of leaders of government cabinets. The term literally has the same meaning as "prime minister" but is typically chosen to distinguish the office-holder from a superior prime minister. Currently the title of ' ...

( Malay: ''Menteri Besar'') with the

constitutional monarchy A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...

system via Johor State Constitution. The Sultan is the constitutional head of state of Johor. The Sultan has his own independent military force, the

Royal Johor Military Force The Royal Johor Military Force (Abbr.: JMF; ; Jawi: عسكر تيمبلن ستيا نڬري جوهر) is an independent military force of the state of Johor and the private royal guard of Sultan of Johor in Malaysia. The JMF is Malaysia's oldes ...

(Malay: ''Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor''). The Sultan is also the Head of Islam in Johor state.

History

The first sultan of Johor was Alauddin Riayat Shah II. He was the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah. The descendants of the

Sultanate of Malacca The Malacca Sultanate ( ms, Kesultanan Melaka; Jawi script: ) was a Malay sultanate based in the modern-day state of Malacca, Malaysia. Conventional historical thesis marks as the founding year of the sultanate by King of Singapura, Paramesw ...

in Johor ended with the death of Sultan Mahmud Shah II in 1699 and throne was taken over by Sultan Abdul Jalil IV, marking the rule of the House of Bendahara. Abdul Jalil IV was a ''

'' before the death of the sultan. Though Johor has been ruled over by at least 20 sultans, Sultan Abu Bakar who reigned from 1862 to 1895, was the first sultan of the current ruling family, the

House of Temenggong A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condit ...

. His father,

Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim Raja Temenggong Tun Daeng Ibrahim bin Temenggong Daeng Abdul Rahman (8 December 1810 – 31 January 1862) was the Temenggong of Johor and later the ''de facto'' Maharaja of Johor from 1855 to 1862. Biography Early life Daeng Ibrahim was born ...

, managed to consolidate enough power to marginalize

Sultan Ali Sulṭān ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Bāqir ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ibn Al-Ḥusayn (Arabic: سلطان علي بن محمد الباقر بن علي زين العابدين بن الحسين) was the son of the fifth imam of Twelver Shi'i Musl ...

who died in 1877.

Office-holder

The office of sultan is currently held by Sultan Ibrahim Ismail Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj, who was proclaimed as the 25th Sultan of Johor on 23 January 2010 and crowned on 23 March 2015 at the Istana Besar, Johor Bahru. His father, Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail Al-Khalidi, a great-grandson of Sultan Abu Bakar died on 22 January 2010; the death was announced that night. Ibrahim Ismail, the Tunku Mahkota of Johor (Crown Prince of Johor), was appointed as the Pemangku Raja (Regent) of Johor on the same day. The funeral was held on 23 January after the proclamation of Sultan Ibrahim Ismail.

List of office bearers

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:25 PlotArea = top:20 bottom:20 right:10 left:10 AlignBars = late DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1528 till:2050 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:30 start:1528 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(1,1,1) id:s value:orange id:h value:blue id:sx value:red id:hx value:green Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Rulers bar:s PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 width:25 shift:(4,-3) bar:s color:s from: 1528 till: 1699 color:s text:Malacca-Johor Dynasty from: 1699 till: 1720 color:h text: from: 1718 till: 1722 color:sx text: from: 1722 till: 1855 color:h text:Bendahara Dynasty from: 1886 till: 2022 color:hx text:Temenggong Dynasty width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:Rulers from: start till: 1564 color:s text:"Alauddin Riayat Shah II" fontsize:9 from: 1564 till: 1570 color:s text:"Muzaffar Shah II" fontsize:9 from: 1570 till: 1571 color:s text:"Abdul Jalil Shah I" fontsize:9 from: 1571 till: 1597 color:s text:"Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II" fontsize:9 from: 1597 till: 1615 color:s text:"Alauddin Riayat Shah III" fontsize:9 from: 1615 till: 1623 color:s text:"Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah" fontsize:9 from: 1623 till: 1677 color:s text:"Abdul Jalil Shah III" fontsize:9 from: 1677 till: 1685 color:s text:"Ibrahim Shah" fontsize:9 from: 1685 till: 1699 color:s text:"Mahmud Shah II" fontsize:9 from: 1699 till: 1718 color:h text:"Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah IV" fontsize:9 from: 1718 till: 1722 color:sx text:"Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah (Raja Kechil)" fontsize:9 from: 1722 till: 1760 color:h text:"Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah" fontsize:9 from: 1760 till: 1761 color:h text:"Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah V" fontsize:9 from: 1761 till: 1770 color:h text:"Ahmad Riayat Shah" fontsize:9 from: 1770 till: 1811 color:h text:"Mahmud Riayat Shah III" fontsize:9 from: 1811 till: 1819 color:h text:"Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah I" fontsize:9 from: 1819 till: 1835 color:h text:"Hussein Muazzam Shah" fontsize:9 from: 1835 till: 1855 color:h text:"Ali Iskandar Shah" fontsize:9 from: 1886 till: 1895 color:hx text:"Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah" fontsize:9 from: 1895 till: 1959 color:hx text:"Ibrahim Al-Masyhur" fontsize:9 from: 1959 till: 1981 color:hx text:"Ismail Al-Khalidi" fontsize:9 from: 1981 till: 2010 color:hx text:"Iskandar Al-Mutawakkil Alallah" fontsize:9 from: 2010 till: 2022 color:hx text:"Ibrahim" fontsize:9

Genealogy tree

''Sri Paduka Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja'' Daeng Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja ‘Abdu’l Rahman, Maharaja of Johor
(8 December 1810 – 10 March 1855 – 31 January 1862, ancestor of the sultanal Temenggong Dynasty) **

''Paduka Sri Sultan Sir'' Abu Bakar al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah ''ibni al-Marhum Dato’ Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim'' (3 February 1833 – 31 January 1862 – 4 June 1895) ***

''Paduka Sri Sultan Al-Haj Sir'' Ibrahim al-Mashur ''ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar'' (17 September 1873 – 4 June 1895 – 8 May 1959) **** ''Tunku'' Muhammad Khalid ''ibni Tunku Mahkota Ibrahim'' ****

''Paduka Sri Sultan Sir'' Ismail ''ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ibrahim'' (28 October 1894 – 8 May 1959 – 10 May 1981) ***** ''Tunku'' 'Abdu'l Jalil ''ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ismail'' (11 May 1924 – 16 May 1925) ***** ''Tunku'' 'Abdu'l Rahman ''ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ismail'' (29 July – 16 September 1930) *****

''Paduka Sri Sultan '' Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj ''ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ismail'' (8 April 1932 – 10 May 1981 – 22 January 2010)
Enche’ Besar Hajjah Kalthom binti ‘Abdu’llah (b. in England, 2 December 1935 – 1 June 2018), née Josephine Ruby Trevorrow ******

''Sultan '' Ibrahim Ismail ''ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Iskandar al-Haj'' (Born 22 November 1958 – enthroned 23 January 2010 – )
''Raja'' Zarith Sofia ''binti al-Marhum Sultan Idris al-Mutawakil Allah Afifu’llah Shah'', princess of Perak (14 August 1959 – ) ******* ''Tunku'' Ismail Idris ‘Abdu’l Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar ''ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail'', Tunku Mahkota (Crown Prince, 30 June 1984 – ) ******** ''Tunku'' Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim ''ibni Tunku Ismail'', Raja Muda (14 October 2017 – ) ******** ''Tunku'' Abu Bakar Ibrahim ''ibni Tunku Ismail'', (17 July 2019 – ) ******* ''Tunku Tun'' Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah ''binti Sultan Ibrahim Ismail'' (8 April 1986 – ) ******* ''Tunku'' Idris Iskandar Ismail ‘Abdu’l Rahman ''ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail'', Tunku Temenggong (25 December 1987 – ). ******* ''Tunku'' ‘Abdu’l Jalil Iskandar ''ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail'', Tunku Laksamana (5 July 1990 – 5 December 2015) ******* ''Tunku'' ‘Abdu’l Rahman Hassanal Jeffri ''ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail'', Tunku Panglima (5 February 1993 – ) *******

''Tunku'' ‘Abu Bakar ''ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail'', Tunku Putera (30 May 2001 – )

References

Notes

* Nesalamar Nadarajah, ''Johore and the Origins of British Control'', 1895–1914, Arenabuku, 2000, * T. Wignesan, "A Peranakan's View of the fin de siècle monde malais – Na Tian Piet's Endearing syair of Epic Proportions" artial tranls. with introduction and notes to Na Tian Piet's "Sha'er of the late Sultan Abu Bakar (of Johor)"n ''The Gombak Review'', Vol. 4,N° 2 (International Islamic University Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 1999, pp. 101–121. * T. Wignesan. ''Sporadic Striving amid Echoed Voices, Mirrored Images and Stereotypic Posturing in Malaysian-Singaporean Literatures''. Allahabad: Cyberwit.net, 2008, pp. 196–218. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sultans of Johor 1528 establishments in Asia