Sud-Est (department)
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Sud-Est (
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
) or Sidès (
Haitian Creole Haitian Creole (; ht, kreyòl ayisyen, links=no, ; french: créole haïtien, links=no, ), commonly referred to as simply ''Creole'', or ''Kreyòl'' in the Creole language, is a French-based creole language spoken by 10–12million people wor ...
; both meaning "South East") is one of the ten
departments of Haiti In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (french: département d'Haïti, ; ht, depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 4 ...
located in southern Haiti. It has an area of 2,034.10 km2 and a population of 632,601 (2015). Its capital is
Jacmel Jacmel (; ht, Jakmèl) is a commune in southern Haiti founded by the Spanish in 1504 and repopulated by the French in 1698. It is the capital of the department of Sud-Est, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Port-au-Prince across the Tiburon Peninsu ...
.


History


Taino Period

The department is part of the '' Xaragua kasika'' under the leadership of Bohecio and Anacaona. The settlement of Yakimèl was in the area of actual Jacmel City.


Spanish Period

Jacmel is one of the earliest Spanish towns in the Caribbean when it was settled by Nicolas Ovando in 1504.


French Period

One year after the
Treaty of Ryswick The Peace of Ryswick, or Rijswijk, was a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city of Rijswijk between 20 September and 30 October 1697. They ended the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), Gran ...
, the french formally settle the city through La Compagnie de St-Domingue.


Haitian Period


Haitian Revolution

Like many of the actual departments in Haiti, by 1791, the different social classes of St-Domingue started rebelling against the status quo. The enslaved under the leadership of Romaine-La-Prophétesse, a mulatto coffee plantation owner, asked for the abolition of slavery and liberty for all. The mixed race under the leadership of André Rigaud asked for equal rights with the whites. These revendications reach their heights in the Pre-Independence Civil War opposing Toussaint's northern troops with lieutenants like Dessalines and Rigaud's southern troops with lieutenants like Pétion.


Independence

On September, 17th 1803 CMagloire Ambroise, helped by Cangé and Yayou's troops freed Jacmel from the french troops under the leadership of Pageot.
Magloire Ambroise Magloire Ambroise (Jacmel, Saint-Domingue, 1774 - Port-au-Prince December 7, 1807), was a hero of the Haitian Independence. His military career began in the colonial army. Life During the War of Knives between Toussaint Louverture in the North aga ...
, commander of Jacmel is a signatory of the Act of Independence on January 1st. During the Haitian-Civil war opposing King Henry 1st and President Pétion, the South-East was part of the republic. During that period the
Jacmel Jacmel (; ht, Jakmèl) is a commune in southern Haiti founded by the Spanish in 1504 and repopulated by the French in 1698. It is the capital of the department of Sud-Est, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Port-au-Prince across the Tiburon Peninsu ...
received the South American Liberator Simon Bolivar, providing him shelter, merchandise, guns, and soldiers. The Grand-Colombia flag was designed in Jacmel based on the Haitian republican
flag A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design and colours. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design empl ...
.


Modern Period

The department knew a great financial time at the beginning of the 20th century with the exportation of coffee, resulting in Jacmel's unique architecture and culture. The capital city was the first to have electricity and a telephone line in the Caribbean.


Geography

The South-East is bordered in the north by the West Department, on the west, by the South Department, the south by the
Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( es, Mar Caribe; french: Mer des Caraïbes; ht, Lanmè Karayib; jam, Kiaribiyan Sii; nl, Caraïbische Zee; pap, Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexic ...
and on the east by the province of Pedernales province. The Bay of Jacmel is the biggest bay of the department, followed by the Bay of
Bainet Bainet ( ht, Benè) is a commune in the Bainet Arrondissement, in the Sud-Est department of Haiti. It has 62,300 inhabitants. In late 1791 and early 1792, during the early Haitian Revolution, slaves in Bainet rebelled as part of the Trou Coffy ...
(meaning clear bay). The most important rivers are the Jacmel river and the Bainet river. The coastal plain of the department allows a possible expansion of the capital. The department as on od the longest coastal line in the country.


2010 earthquake

Like the whole Xaragua Peninsula the department is on the fault line of Plantain-Garden-Enriquillo resulting in many earthquakes in the department's history.
Jacmel Jacmel (; ht, Jakmèl) is a commune in southern Haiti founded by the Spanish in 1504 and repopulated by the French in 1698. It is the capital of the department of Sud-Est, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Port-au-Prince across the Tiburon Peninsu ...
in Jacmel Arrondissement, a city with many Haitian colonial heritage buildings, was devastated by a 7.0 magnitude tremblor on 12 January 2010, collapsing much of that heritage architecture. Since then many of the buildings have been rebuilt.


Environnement

The S-E shares the
La Visite National Park La Visite National Park (french: Parc National La Visite) is one of the two largest List of national parks of Haiti, national parks of the Haiti, Republic of Haiti. La Visite is a part of the Massif de la Selle mountain range. Its highest peak is ...
with the West. Around Belle-Anse the S-E harbors the Three Lagoons National Park.


Economy

With a sizable port like Jacmel and direct access to the
Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with ...
, the S_E has great potential for economic development, especially in tourism and arts.


Tourism and Arts

Jacmel, Marigot, and Belle-Anse have the capacity to receive tourists. Raymond-des-Bains is a famous beach in the department. Jacmel has a notable carnival activity in the Caribbean region10, and one of its characters (the robalagallina, imitation or caricature of the planter's wife) has been adopted by the carnival of the Dominican Republic11. The festive behavior of the Jacmelians earned them international fame. During the Easter celebrations, a great parade of rara bands under the rhythms of petro and congo, is organized there. The civil authorities organize it in order to promote Haitian culture which is closely linked to that of southern Africa. Jacmel is also known for its manifestations of the patronal feast on the first of May each year. It is the feast of the patron saint of the city, Saint Jacques and Saint Philippe. During this festival, the musical groups of Haiti meet in Jacmel and its surroundings for concerts which are called in Haitian Creole "ball". On May 18, the Jacmeliens celebrate their flag with large parades of brass bands throughout the city. In November Jacmel perpetuates the traditional "Feast of the Dead" (November 1 and 2). Jacmel also hosts a Francophone film festival in 201912,13, and a festival dedicated to jazz.


Agriculture and Fishing


Mining

The S-E has great potential for mining notably for
iridium Iridium is a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, it is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density o ...
in the area of Belot.


Transport

The RN4 connects the department to the West and Léogane. RD402 connects to
Anse-à-Pitres Anse-à-Pitres ( ht, Ansapit), or ''Anse-à-Pitre'' is a commune in the Belle-Anse Arrondissement, in the Sud-Est department of Haiti. Its border Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as ocea ...
RD401 connects to Cote-de-Fer.


Administrative divisions

The Department of Sud-Est is subdivided into three
arrondissement An arrondissement (, , ) is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, certain other Francophone countries, as well as the Netherlands. Europe France The 101 French departments are divided into 342 ''arrondissements ...
s, which are further subdivided into ten communes. *
Bainet Arrondissement Bainet ( ht, Benè) is an Arrondissements of Haiti, arrondissement in the Sud-Est (department), Sud-Est Departments of Haiti, department of Haiti. As of 2015, the population was 135,792 inhabitants. Postal codes in the Bainet Arrondissement start ...
**
Bainet Bainet ( ht, Benè) is a commune in the Bainet Arrondissement, in the Sud-Est department of Haiti. It has 62,300 inhabitants. In late 1791 and early 1792, during the early Haitian Revolution, slaves in Bainet rebelled as part of the Trou Coffy ...
** Côtes-de-Fer *
Belle-Anse Arrondissement Belle-Anse ( ht, Bèlans) is an arrondissement in the Sud-Est department of Haiti. As of 2015, the population was 158,081 inhabitants. Postal codes in the Belle-Anse Arrondissement start with the number 93. The arondissement consists of the foll ...
**
Belle-Anse Belle-Anse ( ht, Bèlans) is a commune in the Belle-Anse Arrondissement, in the Sud-Est department of Haiti. It has 51,707 inhabitants. History The town's previous name was Saltrou, a name that is still commonly used by some old timers. The na ...
**
Anse-à-Pitres Anse-à-Pitres ( ht, Ansapit), or ''Anse-à-Pitre'' is a commune in the Belle-Anse Arrondissement, in the Sud-Est department of Haiti. Its border Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as ocea ...
** Grand-Gosier **
Thiotte Thiotte ( ht, Tyòt) is a commune in the Belle-Anse Arrondissement, in the Sud-Est department of Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the isla ...
* Jacmel Arrondissement **
Jacmel Jacmel (; ht, Jakmèl) is a commune in southern Haiti founded by the Spanish in 1504 and repopulated by the French in 1698. It is the capital of the department of Sud-Est, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Port-au-Prince across the Tiburon Peninsu ...
**
Cayes-Jacmel Cayes-Jacmel ( ht, Kay Jakmèl) is a commune in the Jacmel Arrondissement, in the Sud-Est department of Haiti. It has 36693 inhabitants. Cayes-Jacmel is down the road from Cyvadier and home to a lovely public beach and has a remarkable farmers ma ...
** La Vallée ** Marigot There are fifteen other smaller towns or villages, including: Banane, Bourcan-Bélier, Cavalier, Coutelas, Forêt-des-Pins, La Fond, La Vallée, Mare Rouge, Mayette, Mombin, Platon-Besace, Saint Antoine, Savane-Zombi, and Seguin.


References

Departments of Haiti {{Haiti-geo-stub