The Subaru EA engine is a series of

automobile A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarde ...

internal combustion engines An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combust ...

manufactured by Subaru, a division of

Fuji Heavy Industries is a Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate primarily involved in both terrestrial and aerospace transportation manufacturing. It is best known for its line of Subaru automobiles. Founded in 1953, the company was formerly named ( ...

. All EA series engines are of a

flat-4 A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine, is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the boxer-four engine, ...

design, and have always been water cooled.

Design and history

Prior to 1966, Subaru was known for producing kei cars in Japan; for their first four-passenger model, the firm developed an air-cooled boxer engine for a prototype of the

Subaru 1500 The Subaru 1500 is the first car built by Fuji Heavy Industries, with the development code-name of P1. The prototype used a monocoque body structure and adopting the " ponton" style appearance, with an independent front wishbone suspension and a ...

in 1960, but Fuji Heavy Industries was unable to continue development due to a shortage of funding. A new prototype front-wheel-drive car was built with a water-cooled boxer engine, which became the basis for the Subaru 1000 and the EA-52 boxer engine. The car began sales to the public starting in 1966. The EA series engines have aluminum heads with aluminum blocks. Each cylinder has two valves, one for exhaust and one for intake. They came in either an

OHV An overhead valve (OHV) engine, sometimes called a ''pushrod engine'', is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier flathead engines, where the valves were located bel ...

pushrod A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...

or SOHC configuration. Subaru produced the EA series from 1966 to 1994, and were found in the Subaru FF-1 Star, the

Subaru Leone The Subaru Leone is a compact car produced by the Japanese car manufacturer Subaru from 1971 to 1994. The word ''leone'' is Italian for lion. It was released as a replacement for the Subaru 1000 and was the predecessor of the Subaru Impreza. Al ...

, the

Subaru Brat The Subaru BRAT (acronym for “Bi-drive Recreational All-terrain Transporter”) was a light-duty, four-wheel drive coupé utility, version of the Subaru Leone originally introduced in 1977. The BRAT was developed directly from the company's fou ...

(Brumby), the Subaru Loyale, the Subaru Omega (coupé), the Subaru Vortex, the Subaru RX, and the

Subaru XT The Subaru XT was a four-passenger, 2-door coupé manufactured and marketed by Subaru for model years 1985-1991, with a facelift in 1987. Assembly took place at Subaru's Yajima Plant in Ota, Japan and during its single generation, production rea ...

(Alcyone).

Models

EA-52

The Subaru EA-52 engine was produced from 1966 until 1970.

Found on

* Subaru 1000 * Subaru FF-1 Star * Suzuki Karimun (first generation; Indonesia)

EA-53

The Subaru EA-53 was used in the 1967 Subaru 1000 Sports Sedan, sold in Japan. It used twin carburetors. This engine was used in the September 1968 Japan Alpine Rally which the car won in the 1000cc engine class.

EA-61

The Subaru EA-61 engine was produced from 1969 to 1972. The Japanese-spec Subaru FF-1 Sport Sedan and the FF-1 Super Touring sedan used twin carburetors, with the engine designation EA-61S. It was sold in the United States only for the 1971 model year. It was also briefly available in the first Leone, only in 1100 Van specification.

Found on

* Subaru FF-1 Star * Subaru G * 1972–197?

A21 Van

EA-62

The Subaru EA-62 engine was produced from 1971 to 1972. It is the only EA- engine with rear-facing exhaust ports.

Found on

* Subaru G (1300G in United States)

EA-62S

This engine used twin carburetors from Zenith-Stromberg.

=Found on

= * Subaru FF-1 1300G Sports Sedan and Super Touring (Japan)

EA-63

The Subaru EA-63 engine was produced from 1973 to 1979, although it stopped being used in US-market cars in 1976.

Found on

* 1973-1979

EA-64

The Subaru EA-64 engine was produced from 1973 to 1979. The engine disappeared from the sedan catalogs in September 1975, as the new emissions regulations would simply make the car too slow. As commercial vehicles didn't have to meet the new stricter regulations, it continued to be available in the Van 1200 Standard until the end of production of the first generation Leone in 1979.

Found on

* 1973-1975

(sedan) * 1973-1977

(van) A25 * 1973-1979

(van) A65

EA-65

The Subaru EA-65 engine was produced from 1979 to 1994.

Found on

* 1979-1994

for Japanese domestic market, Europe, Asia and Latin America.

EA-71

The Subaru EA-71 engine was produced in two different designs; from 1976 to 1994, originally the first design was a redesign of the EA-63 block, known as the "Narrow Case EA71" then Subaru completely redesigned it to make the newer version known as "Fat Case EA71" which also led to a stroked version known as the EA81. The availability in USA for the EA71 ended in 1990 on the hatchback models. It came with a carburetor and the last editions for JDM featured throttle-body injection, found on the "Maia" editions of the third generation Subaru Leone. The engine came either with solid lifters or hydraulic lifters. Subaruea71engine

Found on

* 1976-1994

* 1978-1980

Subaru BRAT The Subaru BRAT (acronym for “Bi-drive Recreational All-terrain Transporter”) was a light-duty, four-wheel drive coupé utility, version of the Subaru Leone originally introduced in 1977. The BRAT was developed directly from the company's fou ...

* 1980-1990 Subaru Hatchback

EA-71S

This engine used twin Hitachi carburetors.

=Found on

= * 1979-1981 Subaru Hatchback * 1979-1980

* 1979-1983

Subaru Manatee ( or ; ) is the automaker, automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate (company), conglomerate Subaru Corporation (formerly known as Fuji Heavy Industries), the Automotive industry#By manufacturer, twenty-first ...

(Race car, JDM)

EA-72 Concept Engine

There was an unreleased EA-72

concept Concepts are defined as abstract ideas. They are understood to be the fundamental building blocks of the concept behind principles, thoughts and beliefs. They play an important role in all aspects of cognition. As such, concepts are studied by ...

engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ...

Subaru developed for use in the Japanese Market in 1989. It was essentially an EA-82 with an EA-71 crankshaft. This

never came about as the Subaru EJ15 and EJ16 were already in development for this purpose.

Specifications

* Displacement: 1,595 cc * Bore: 92 mm * Stroke: 60 mm * Compression Ratio: 8.7:1 * Valvetrain: SOHC * Horsepower: unreleased * Torque: unreleased

EA-81

The Subaru EA-81 engine was produced from 1980 to 1994 and is a stroked version of the "Fat Case" EA-71 it came either with Solid Lifters or Hydraulic Lifters.

Found on

* 1980-1989

* 1981-1994

Subaru Brumby A brumby is a free-roaming feral horse in Australia. Although found in many areas around the country, the best-known brumbies are found in the Australian Alps region. Today, most of them are found in the Northern Territory, with the second ...

* 1980-1990 Subaru Hatchback

EA-81S

This engine used twin Hitachi carburetors on a single intake manifold, and the late version for the 1983 Safari Rally, featured two downdraft Weber Carburetors, each one mounted directly over each head. The Heads and Valvetrain on the EA81S engines are different from the regular counterparts, featuring different positions for the intake and exhaust valves on the Heads, feature known usually as Reverse Valves.

=Found on

= * 1980-1982 second gen

(Twin Hitachi Carbs) * 1980-1982 Second Gen

(Twin Hitachi Carbs). * 1983 Subaru RX (Safari Rally Edition - Twin Weber Carbs)

EA-81T

The EA-81T is not an official engine designation from Subaru. The "T" is used informally to refer to the factory turbocharged version of EA-81 engines that are equipped with a

turbocharger In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

and multi port fuel injection. Boost pressure was 7

psi Psi, PSI or Ψ may refer to: Alphabetic letters * Psi (Greek) (Ψ, ψ), the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet * Psi (Cyrillic) (Ѱ, ѱ), letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, adopted from Greek Arts and entertainment * "Psi" as an abbreviatio ...

=Found on

= * 1983-1984

* 1983-1984

EA-82

The Subaru EA-82 engine was originally intended to be a 2.0L engine as its prototypes were, but Subaru destroked it to 1.8L for production. The EA82 was produced from 1984 to 1994. It came either with carburetor, single point fuel injection, or multi port fuel injection and hydraulic lifters. Most of the technical advancements introduced to the EA82 were utilized in the next generation

Subaru EJ engine The Subaru EJ engine is a series of four-stroke automotive engines manufactured by Subaru. They were introduced in 1989, intended to succeed the previous Subaru EA engine. The EJ series was the mainstay of Subaru's engine line, with all engines ...

, specifically, the SOHC valvetrain, and multi-point fuel injection.

Found on

* 1984-1994 Third generation of

, Subaru Loyale, Subaru Omega * 1985-1991 Subaru Alcyone,

, Subaru Vortex

EA-82T

The EA-82T engine was introduced in 1984 for the Third generation of Subaru Leone in the GL-10 and RX Turbo trim models plus the XT (Vortex), and later on the Subaru Leone RX Coupe models. It is a turbocharged version of the MPFI EA-82 with modified cylinder heads, lower compression pistons, and boost pressure of 7

A revised intake known as the "Spider" manifold was available and is seen as an early version of the EJ style intake manifold.

ER27

The ER series is a

flat-6 A flat-six engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-six, is a six-cylinder piston engine with three cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft. The most common type of flat-six engine is the boxer-six engine, where each pair of opposed cy ...

with a displacement of 2.7L manufactured by Subaru, a division of

. The ER series has aluminium engine blocks and aluminium cylinder heads. It is found on the 1988-1991 Subaru Alcyone VX (XT-6 in the United States). Created as a refined luxury engine with improved power over the EA82T, Subaru introduced the ER series engine in 1988 exclusively to be featured in the Subaru Alcyone VX. Like the EA series engines, the ER series engine featured 2-valve cylinder heads with hydraulic lash adjusters and the block shared the same bore and stroke. While recognised as bearing many similarities to the Subaru EA82 engine, there are numerous differences in design between the two engines and a large portion of parts are unique to the ER27. The oil and water pumps are unique to the ER27, sharing similar bolt patterns and design to the EA82, but being of a higher flow in both cases. The intake manifold uses a two piece design with a lower section bolting to the heads containing the coolant bridge, injectors and various vacuum lines. The upper intake manifold then bolts to the lower section and is unlike the EA82 or EJ22 "spider" manifold designs in that there is no central plenum chamber. The valve timing system is belt-drive using two individual timing belts, curiously one belt uses a spring tensioner (like the EA82) whilst the other uses a hydraulic tensioner (like the EJ22). Both JDM and USDM versions of the ER27 used multi-point electronic fuel injection. The ER27 designation was the first time Subaru incorporated the engine's displacement into the series name and all future engines have retained this nomenclature.

References

* 1977 Subaru Factory Service Manual * 1983 Subaru Factory Service Manual * 1984 Subaru Factory Service Manual * 1987/1988 Subaru Factory Service Manual
Subaru Drive Magazine
{{subaru Subaru engines Boxer engines Gasoline engines by model