Ecology
This animal has the largest head of any tapinocephalid. Brink (1956) suggests that ''Struthiocephalus'' fed in or near water, the teeth being used for rooting up, gathering and grasping plant matter. Boonstra (1965) likewise considered that ''Struthiocephalus'' fed on soft vegetation, possibly under water. He suggested the postcranial skeleton possibly showed adaptations to living in marshy conditions, and the bone surface around the nostril might indicate the presence of a fleshy valve present used for closing off the nostril under water.Classification
The long-snouted ''Struthiocephalus whaitsi'' would seem to be the only genus and species of this taxon. There are a large number of synonyms. ''Struthiocephalellus'' is apparently a juvenile of ''Struthiocephalus''. Boonstra showed that the seven named species of ''Struthiocephalus'' represent a growth series and are hence synonyms of the first described species, ''S. whaitsi''. ''Struthiocephalus'' is characterized simply by a naso-frontal boss in mature specimens, whilst the very similar genus ''Struthiocephaloides'' lacks this character. This is consistent with a sexually dimorphic character, as well as a role in intraspecific combat. Barghusen (1975) considers would be more effective in flank butting than head-butting per se. In head-on combat the presumed horn would be deflected by the opponent's head and contact would be lost, but in flank butting a horned boss would concentrate the blow. Both ''Struthiocephalus'' and ''Struthiocephaloides'' have the same stratigraphic range - Lower to Middle ''Tapinocephalus'' Zone. Of the remaining two monospecific genera, ''Struthionops intermedius'' known from a single skull, possesses a naso-frontal boss moderate pachyostosis and a fairly short snout. Possibly this is a variant of another species. On the basis of the shorter snout, King (1988) includes this species among the Tapinocephalini. ''Taurocephalus lerouxi'', known from a single skull, has a fairly strong snout and 20 teeth in the upper jaw (more than usual for tapinocephalids). Since tooth count tends to vary greatly among individual dinocephalians, again only this is also likely a variant individual, most probably ''Struthiocephalus''. The remaining species, ''Moschosaurus longiceps'' is known from a single small and lightly built skull about long from the Upper ''Tapinocephalus'' Zone. It was originally placed in its own family, the Moschosauridae, and considered a good ancestral or primitive form (despite its late date). However, Boonstra (1969) identifies it as a juvenile ''Struthiocephalus''.See also
*References
Further reading
*''Dinosaur Encyclopedia'' by Jayne Parsons *''The Origin and Evolution of Mammals'' (Oxford Biology) by T. S. Kemp *''Reptiles and Herbivory'' by Gillian King *''Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods: Controversy and Consensus'' by Hans-Peter Schultze and Linda TruebExternal links