Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
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The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) is a
semi-structured interview A semi-structured interview is a method of research used most often in the social sciences. While a structured interview has a rigorous set of questions which does not allow one to divert, a semi-structured interview is open, allowing new ideas t ...
guide for making diagnoses according to the diagnostic criteria published in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders The ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (''DSM''; latest edition: ''DSM-5-TR'', published in March 2022) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a com ...
(DSM). The development of SCID has followed the evolution of the DSM and multiple versions are available for a single edition covering different categories of mental disorders. The first SCID (for DSM-III-R) was released in 1989, SCID-IV (for DSM-IV) was published in 1994 and the current version, SCID-5 (for DSM-5), is available since 2013. It is administered by a clinician or trained mental health professional who is familiar with the DSM classification and diagnostic criteria. The interview subjects may be either psychiatric or general medical patients or individuals who do not identify themselves as patients, such as participants in a community survey of mental illness or family members of psychiatric patients. SCID users should have had sufficient clinical experience to be able to perform diagnostic evaluation, however, nonclinicians who have comprehensive diagnostic experience with a particular study population may be trained to administer the SCID. Generally additional training is required for individuals with less clinical experience.


DSM-III editions of SCID

The SCID for the DSM-III-R helped determine Axis I (SCID-I) and Axis II disorders (SCID-II). Separate versions were used to assess psychiatric patients (SCID-P) and to study non-patient populations (SCID-NP). Another form of the SCID-P, SCID-P W/PSY SCREEN, was developed for patients in which psychotic disorders were expected to be rare and only included screening questions for these disorders but not the complex module. Special versions were also created for studying
panic disorder Panic disorder is a mental disorder, specifically an anxiety disorder, characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks. Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath ...
, assessing
PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, ...
and combat experience in Vietnam veterans and studying the social and psychiatric consequencies of
HIV The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of '' Lentivirus'' (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of the im ...
infection. The
reliability Reliability, reliable, or unreliable may refer to: Science, technology, and mathematics Computing * Data reliability (disambiguation), a property of some disk arrays in computer storage * Reliability (computer networking), a category used to des ...
and validity of the SCID for DSM-III-R has been reported in several published studies. With regard to reliability, the range in reliability is enormous, depending on the type of the sample and research methodology (i.e., joint vs. test-retest, multi-site vs. single site with raters who have worked together, etc.)


SCID-D

The ''Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders'' (SCID-D) is used to diagnose
dissociative disorders Dissociative disorders (DDs) are a range of conditions characterized by significant disruptions or fragmentation "in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior. ...
, especially in research settings. It was originally designed for the DSM-III-R but early access to DSM-IV criteria for dissociative disorders allowed them to be incorporated into the SCID-D. For subjects with non-dissociative disorders administration takes between 30 minutes and 1.5 hours. Subjects with dissociative disorders usually require between 40 minutes to 2.5 hours. These subjects should be given enough time to describe their experiences fully. The SCID-D has been translated into
Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...
and Turkish and is used in the Netherlands and Turkey.


DSM-IV editions of SCID

SCID for DSM-IV also follows the multi-axial system, SCID-I for Axis I disorders (major mental disorders) and SCID-II for Axis II disorders (
personality disorders Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental health conditions characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the culture. T ...
). There are several variants of SCID-I addressed to different audiences. Similarly to the previous edition SCID-I is available for examining psychiatric patients (SCID-I/P) and studying non-patients (SCID-I/NP) and patient populations where psychotic disorders are not expected (SCID-I/P W/ PSY SCREEN). Specific version for clinicians (SCID-CV) and
clinical trials Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human subject research, human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel v ...
(SCID-CT) were also developed. The SCID-II for DSM-IV comes in a single edition. A variant of the tool (KID-SCID) was developed at
York University York University (), also known as YorkU or simply YU), is a public university, public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's third-largest university, and it has approximately 53,500 students, 7,000 faculty and staff, ...
for generating childhood DSM-IV diagnoses for clinical research studies. In 2015 a study evaluated the
psychometric Psychometrics is a field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement. Psychometrics generally covers specialized fields within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and rela ...
properties of the KID-SCID in a Dutch sample of children and adolescents which later led to the creation of SCID-5-Junior for the DSM-5 (see below). An Axis I SCID assessment with a psychiatric patient usually takes between 1 and 2 hours, depending on the complexity of the subject's psychiatric history and their ability to clearly describe episodes of current and past symptoms. A SCID with a non-psychiatric patient takes hour to hours. A SCID-II personality assessment takes about to 1 hour. There are at least 700 published studies in which the SCID was the diagnostic instrument used. Major parts of the SCID have been translated into other languages, including Danish, French,
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
,
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
,
Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...
,
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...
, Portuguese,
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...
, Swedish, Turkish, and Zulu.


DSM-5 editions of SCID

SCID-5-RV (Research Version) is the most comprehensive version of the SCID-5. It contains more disorders and includes all of the relevant subtypes and severity and course specifiers. An important feature is its customizability, allowing the instrument to be tailored to meet the requirements of a particular study. SCID-5-CV (Clinician Version) is a reformatted version of the SCID-5-RV for use by clinicians. It covers the most common diagnoses seen in clinical settings. Despite the "clinician" designation, it can be used in research as long as the disorders of interest are among those included in this version. SCID-5-CT (Clinical Trials version) is an adaptation of the SCID-5-RV that has been optimized for use in clinical trials. SCID-5-PD (Personality Disorders version) is used to evaluate the 10 personality disorders. Its name reflects the elimination of the multiaxial system of the SCID-IV. The SCID-5-AMPD (
Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), introduced in Section III of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition'' (DSM-5), provides an alternative conceptual framework for the classification ...
) provides
dimensional In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus, a line has a dimension of one (1D) because only one coordi ...
and categorical approaches to personality disorders. Designed for trained clinicians, the modular format allows the researcher or clinician to focus on those aspects of the Alternative Model of most interest. Various versions of the SCID-5 have been translated to Chinese, Danish, Dutch, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish. As a result of earlier studies conducted on Dutch youth a variant of the tool, SCID-5-Junior, a revision of the KID-SCID, is available in Dutch. There are plans to create a more widely available version for children and adolescents.


Electronic versions

The NetSCID-5 is an online version of the SCID-5, developed and marketed in consultation with the SCID-5 authors by TeleSage, Inc. in
Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chapel Hill is a town in Orange County, North Carolina, Orange and Durham County, North Carolina, Durham counties, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 United States census, making Chapel Hill the List of municipa ...
. NetSCID-5 is offered as an online service with user accounts and payment per-administration. Diagnoses and response data are made available in the form of reports and raw data download. TeleSage currently offers the NetSCID-5 in Research, Clinician, and Personality Disorders versions. The content (e.g. text, branching and scoring) of each of these instruments is intended to match the corresponding paper version. Initial development was funded by a grant from the
National Institute of Mental Health The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH, in turn, is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the primar ...
. Public availability was announced June 30, 2017. An electronic versions of the SCID-5 instrument is also offered with eInterview from Sunilion Software Computerized versions of mental health interviews has been suggested by some research to result in fewer branching and scoring errors compared to pencil-and-paper versions of the same instruments.


See also

*
DSM-IV Codes This is a list of mental disorders as defined in the DSM-IV, the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Published by the American Psychiatry Association (APA), it was released in May 1994, superseding the DSM-I ...


References

{{reflist


External links


Official website, Columbia University

SCID-5 product information, American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Mental disorders screening and assessment tools