Stephen Payne (naval architect)

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Stephen Payne, OBE, MNM, RDI,

FREng Fellowship of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) is an award and Scholarship, fellowship for engineers who are recognised by the Royal Academy of Engineering as being the best and brightest engineers, inventors and technologists in the UK a ...

, FRINA, HonFIED is a British

naval architect This is the top category for all articles related to architecture and its practitioners. {{Commons category, Architecture occupations Design occupations Occupations ...

. He has worked on the designs of approximately 40

passenger ship A passenger ship is a merchant ship whose primary function is to carry passengers on the sea. The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freig ...

s for the

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, including the

Cunard Cunard () is a British shipping and cruise line based at Carnival House at Southampton, England, operated by Carnival UK and owned by Carnival Corporation & plc. Since 2011, Cunard and its three ships have been registered in Hamilton, Ber ...

ocean liner An ocean liner is a passenger ship primarily used as a form of transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships). Ca ...

. He is currently an independent maritime consultant and is an educational advocate for engineering careers.

Background and education

Stephen Michael Payne was born in London, England circa 1960. He was educated in the local council schools including the Catford Boys School, where two of its teachers would have a key role in shaping his career. His interest in ocean liners began at age 5 when the

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children’s television program ''

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'' featured a tour of the . He would later state that he was immediately captivated by the ship. His interest in ships intensified during a 1969 family visit to the then new in Southampton where he also observed the , on one of her last transatlantic crossings, arriving in port. In 1972 the program’s magazine described the destruction by fire of the ex-''Queen Elizabeth'' in Hong Kong harbor and ended with the statement “…nothing like her will ever be built again.” With encouragement from a Catford English teacher Payne wrote a letter of complaint to the program arguing that they were wrong, another ship to rival her would indeed be built and he would design it. The program applauded his ambition but cautioned him not to be discouraged if it never happened. When the time came for him to consider university studies however his career counselors discouraged Payne from any engineering career as it was then seen as having limited job prospects. They advised him to instead study chemistry and he enrolled at

Imperial College London Imperial College London (legally Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine) is a public research university in London, United Kingdom. Its history began with Prince Albert, consort of Queen Victoria, who developed his vision for a cu ...

. After one year of study he met with his former physics teacher from Catford who agreed that Payne had been badly advised, and helped him obtain funding to transfer to the

University of Southampton , mottoeng = The Heights Yield to Endeavour , type = Public research university , established = 1862 – Hartley Institution1902 – Hartley University College1913 – Southampton University Coll ...

's Ship Science program. While there, he also enrolled in the

University Royal Naval Unit The University Royal Naval Units (URNU) ( , less commonly ) (formerly Universities' Royal Naval Units) are Royal Navy training establishments who recruit Officer Cadets from a university or a number of universities, usually concentrated in one ...

(URNU) to experience how ships responded at sea. After graduating in 1984 with a B.Sc.(Hons) in ship science, he accepted a position at Marconi Radar. His role was to advise the company on aspects of ship motion and ship design.

Professional career

Payne began his work with Carnival Corporation in January 1985 when employed by Technical Marine Planning, Ltd, then a London-based consultancy firm under contract with Carnival for the design and construction supervision of its new ships. (By 1995 the firm was absorbed into Carnival and became its newbuild department.) His first assignment was to assess stability of the MS ''Holiday''. He next became a member of the design team for the Carnival ships which entered service starting in 1990. The last two ''Fantasy'' ships, ''Elation'' and ''Paradise'', were equipped with

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Azipod Azipod is a trademark azimuth thruster pod design, a marine propulsion unit consisting of a fixed pitch propeller mounted on a steerable gondola ("pod") containing the electric motor driving the propeller, allowing ships to be more maneuverab ...

thrusters rather than traditional shaft drives, a development which influenced his later work. By 1995 he was a Senior Naval Architect and oversaw the construction of the first ship. His next major project was the design of Holland America Line's new flagship MS ''Rotterdam VI'' where he was project manager. Payne designed the new ship with twin funnels, a tribute to the 1959 SS ''Rotterdam V''. Following completion of the ''Rotterdam'', Payne was project manager for the and the ships. In May 1998 Carnival acquired the

Cunard Line Cunard () is a British shipping and cruise line based at Carnival House at Southampton, England, operated by Carnival Corporation & plc#Carnival United Kingdom, Carnival UK and owned by Carnival Corporation & plc. Since 2011, Cunard and its ...

, and Payne was given charge of designing the new ocean liner (''QM2'') to replace the aging as Cunard's transatlantic liner. Payne's design was heavily influenced by past Atlantic liners. "I have this philosophy that to get things right the first-time, you need to have an appreciation for history - of what has been done before." QM2 has a breakwater adopted from the and split engine rooms to avoid having a

single point of failure A single point of failure (SPOF) is a part of a system that, if it fails, will stop the entire system from working. SPOFs are undesirable in any system with a goal of high availability or reliability, be it a business practice, software ap ...

. "The bridge, the mast, and the funnel are all loosely based on the ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' and I felt it particularly important to echo some of the similarities between that ship and this one to create the lineage progression." On three occasions Carnival's board halted the project as they did not consider it commercially viable. Payne refined the design and instituted several innovations to justify the new liner's construction cost. He placed the new ship's public spaces near the water line. This allowed for a premium fare balcony, rather than porthole, cabins to be placed in the hull yet high enough to have a margin of protection from the sea conditions of the north Atlantic. Payne also created more revenue-producing interior space by removing one engine room from the initial design and instead using gas turbines at the base of the funnel. Podded propulsion, rather than shaft drives, was used to free up even more interior space and offered greater fuel efficiency and maneuverability. Spectacular public rooms, restricted to only first class passengers on the great twentieth century liners, were open to all passengers. ''QM2'' was delivered to Cunard in December 2003, on time and under budget. During the design phase of ''Queen Mary 2'' Payne was appointed a member of a safety Innovation Group for the UK

Maritime and Coastguard Agency The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom that responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy. It works to prevent the loss of lives at sea and to prevent marine ...

. His next major project was to lead the design team for the

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''Odyssey''-class ships which entered service starting in 2009. Carnival's later newbuild contracts would stipulate podded propulsion as they offered fuel savings and superior maneuverability compared to traditional shaft drives. Payne would later state, "I have yet to meet a ship's master who is familiar with pods that doesn't prefer them to shafts, rudders and stern thrusters." In 2010, Payne left Carnival and became a founding member of the consultancy PFJ-Maritime Consulting Ltd. As a maritime consultant Payne has been involved in shipping law, passenger vessel safety, future developments for shipping propulsion, He is also an industry consultant for the and emergence of Asian shipyards for ship building and refurbishment. Payne also consulted with the Ministry of Defense during the development of the s. In 2021 Payne revealed the design of a new flagship to replace the

royal yacht A royal yacht is a ship used by a monarch or a royal family. If the monarch is an emperor the proper term is imperial yacht. Most of them are financed by the government of the country of which the monarch is head. The royal yacht is most often c ...

, which was decommissioned in 1997. When not in use by the

royal family A royal family is the immediate family of kings/queens, emirs/emiras, sultans/ sultanas, or raja/ rani and sometimes their extended family. The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term pa ...

it would host diplomatic events and promote British trade.In November 2022 the UK government officially terminated the project.

Engineering advocacy

As a result of the media attention given to ''Queen Mary 2'' and his role as lead designer, Payne received correspondence from students who asked about engineering careers. They were encountering many of the same biases as he himself had received thirty years earlier: that it was a profession in decline and without a promising future. To help address this persistent attitude, Payne and some colleagues founded the ''Future Engineers'' initiative. The program featured a specific engineering project and allowed students and their teachers visit the site and interact with the designers and engineers. Payne also served as a governor of the Quilley School of prior to its merger with Crestwood College. In 2003 he was invited to deliver the MacMillan Memorial Lecture to the

Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland The Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS) is a multi-disciplinary professional body and learned society, founded in Scotland, for professional engineers in all disciplines and for those associated with or taking an interes ...

. He chose the subject "Genesis of a Queen". He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the

Webb Institute Webb Institute is a private college focused on engineering and located in Glen Cove, New York. Each graduate of Webb Institute earns a Bachelor of Science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering. Successful candidates for admission ...

(Glen Cove, New York) from 2011 to 2020. Between 2012 and 2016 Payne was President of The National ''STEM'' Skills Passport. In June 2021 Payne announced his support for the construction of a new National Flagship. Writing for an industry publication, Payne argued that with the retirement of ''Britannia'', "the UK lost a highly effective ambassador for trade promotion and State diplomacy." A new yacht with British design, equipment and innovation "would be an international showcase for all things British Maritime." Payne however criticized the design released by Prime Minister

Boris Johnson Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (; born 19 June 1964) is a British politician, writer and journalist who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2019 to 2022. He previously served as ...

's office as "...akin to a 1950s Hull trawler" and "...not such a good idea for a global voyager crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, or even rounding the tip of Africa."

Awards and honors

In 2004, Payne was awarded the Civil Order of the British Empire (OBE) by

Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...

for his service to the shipping industry. He also received professional and academic awards: * 2003, given a Gold Blue Peter badge for building the Queen Mary 2 thirty-two years after he complained to Blue Peter for saying that "nothing like her will ever be built again" *2006, granted a Special Achievement Award from the

Royal Academy of Engineering The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering. The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior ...

* 2006, elected a

Royal Designer for Industry Royal Designer for Industry is a distinction established by the British Royal Society of Arts (RSA) in 1936, to encourage a high standard of industrial design and enhance the status of designers. It is awarded to people who have achieved "sustained ...

(RDI) for engineering design. * 2006, received an honorary Merchant Navy Medal for services to cruise liner design (MNM). * 2007, he received an Honorary Doctorate of Science from the University of Southampton (HonPhD, Science). * 2007-2010, he served as President of the

Royal Institution of Naval Architects The Royal Institution of Naval Architects (also known as RINA) is an international organisation representing naval architects. It is an elite international professional institution based in London. Its members are involved worldwide at all levels ...

(FRINA). * 2008, elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). * 2009, elected an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineering Designers (HonFIED). * 2010-2014, served as a Trustee of the Southampton Cultural Development Trust. * 2011, the

Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) is a global professional society that provides a forum for the advancement of the engineering profession as applied to the marine field. Although it particularly names the naval archit ...

awarded him the Vice Admiral Emory S. "Jerry" Land Medal (VADM) for Outstanding Accomplishment in the Marine Field. * 2015, awarded an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from the

University of Winchester , mottoeng = Wisdom and Knowledge , established = 1840 - Winchester Diocesan Training School1847 - Winchester Training College1928 - King Alfred's College2005 - University of Winchester , type = Public research university ...

. Payne is a

Chartered Engineer Regulation and licensure in engineering is established by various jurisdictions of the world to encourage life, public welfare, safety, well-being, then environment and other interests of the general public and to define the licensure process thr ...

(CEng) and a Freeman of the City of London.^{'' ermanent Dead Link'}

Bibliography

*''Grande Dame: Holland America Line and the S.S. Rotterdam '' (1990) *''MS Statendam: Continuing "A Tradition of Excellence"'' ASIN B000OLKCLC (1992) *''RMS Queen Mary 2 Manual: An insight into the design, construction and operation of the world's largest ocean liner'' (2014) *''RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 (1967-2008): Owners' workshop manual'' (2017) Forewords to: *''The Liner - Retrospective & Renaissance'' (2005) *''Cunarder - Maritime Paintings'' (2005) *''The Grand Fleet 1914-19: the Royal Navy in the First World War'' (2013) *''175 Years of Cunard'' (2015) *''Ocean Liners - An Illustrated History'' (2018)

References

External links

Future Engineers
'^{Archived on 6 October 2012. URL presently taken by a USA-based organization}''
Career Advice On Becoming A Naval Architect by Stephen Payne
{{DEFAULTSORT:Payne, Stephen Officers of the Order of the British Empire British naval architects People from Catford Living people Alumni of the University of Southampton Alumni of the University of Winchester Year of birth missing (living people) Carnival Corporation & plc Ships of the Cunard Line