Stanisław Barańczak (, November 13, 1946December 26, 2014) was a Polish

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral or w ...

, literary

critic A critic is a person who communicates an assessment and an opinion of various forms of creative works such as art, literature, music, cinema, theater, fashion, architecture, and food. Critics may also take as their subject social or gover ...

scholar A scholar is a person who pursues academic and intellectual activities, particularly academics who apply their intellectualism into expertise in an area of study. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researche ...

editor Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, photographic, visual, audible, or cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, or ...

translator Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transl ...

and

lecturer Lecturer is an academic rank within many universities, though the meaning of the term varies somewhat from country to country. It generally denotes an academic expert who is hired to teach on a full- or part-time basis. They may also conduct re ...

. He is perhaps most well known for his

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...

-to- Polish translations of the dramas of

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

and of the poetry of

E.E. Cummings Edward Estlin Cummings, who was also known as E. E. Cummings, e. e. cummings and e e cummings (October 14, 1894 - September 3, 1962), was an American poet, painter, essayist, author and playwright. He wrote approximately 2,900 poems, two autobi ...

Elizabeth Bishop Elizabeth Bishop (February 8, 1911 – October 6, 1979) was an American poet and short-story writer. She was Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1949 to 1950, the Pulitzer Prize winner for Poetry in 1956, the National Book Awar ...

Emily Dickinson Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (December 10, 1830 – May 15, 1886) was an American poet. Little-known during her life, she has since been regarded as one of the most important figures in American poetry. Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massac ...

, Wystan Hugh Auden,

Seamus Heaney Seamus Justin Heaney (; 13 April 1939 – 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright and translator. He received the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Thomas Hardy Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, including the poetry of William Wor ...

Gerard Manley Hopkins Gerard Manley Hopkins (28 July 1844 – 8 June 1889) was an English poet and Jesuit priest, whose posthumous fame placed him among leading Victorian poets. His prosody – notably his concept of sprung rhythm – established him as an innova ...

, Thomas Stearns Eliot,

John Keats John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet of the second generation of Romantic poets, with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. His poems had been in publication for less than four years when he died of tuberculos ...

Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost (March26, 1874January29, 1963) was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in the United States. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American collo ...

Edward Lear Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limericks, a form he popularised. His principal ...

and others.

Personal life

Born in

Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...

, Poland on November 13, 1946, Barańczak was raised by his father Jan and mother Zofia, both doctors. He was the brother of the novelist Małgorzata Musierowicz. He studied

philology Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as ...

at Poznań's Adam Mickiewicz University, where he obtained an M.A. and Ph.D. His doctoral dissertation concerned the poetic language of

Miron Białoszewski Miron Białoszewski (; born 30 June 1922, Warsaw; died 17 June 1983, Warsaw) was a Polish poet, novelist, playwright and actor. Biography Białoszewski studied linguistics at the clandestine courses of the University of Warsaw during the Germ ...

. In 1968, he married Anna Brylka, with whom he had two children, Michael and Anna.

Career

Barańczak became a lecturer at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. He broke into print as a poet and critic in 1965. Barańczak was on the staff of the Poznań magazine ''Nurt'' from 1967 to 1971. After the political events of June 1976, he became a co-founder of the Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) and of the clandestine quarterly ''Zapis''. In 1981, the year Poland declared

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Martia ...

, he left the country and accepted a three-year contract to work as a lecturer at

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of highe ...

. He stayed at Harvard for almost two decades, leaving in 1999 due to complications with

Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms beco ...

. He was a co-founder of the Paris ''Zeszyty Literackie'' ("Literary Textbooks") in 1983, and a regular contributor to the periodical ''Teksty Drugie''. He also served as editor of '' The Polish Review'' from 1986 to 1990. Barańczak was a prominent representative of the Polish "New Wave" and is generally regarded as one of the greatest translators of

English poetry This article focuses on poetry from the United Kingdom written in the English language. The article does not cover poetry from other countries where the English language is spoken, including Republican Ireland after December 1922. The earliest ...

into Polish and Polish poetry into

. He received the

PEN Translation Prize The PEN Translation Prize (formerly known as the PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize through 2008) is an annual award given by PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) to outstanding translations into the English language. It has been p ...

with Clare Cavanagh in 1996. His book, ''Surgical Precision'' (''Chirurgiczna precyzja''), won the 1999

Nike Award The Nike Literary Award ( pl, Nagroda Literacka „Nike") is a literary prize awarded each year for the best book of a single living author writing in Polish and published the previous year. It is widely considered the most important award fo ...

- Poland's top

literary prize A literary award or literary prize is an award presented in recognition of a particularly lauded literary piece or body of work. It is normally presented to an author. Organizations Most literary awards come with a corresponding award ceremony. Ma ...

. The language he employed in his works is highly evocative of the poetry of

John Donne John Donne ( ; 22 January 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet, scholar, soldier and secretary born into a recusant family, who later became a cleric in the Church of England. Under royal patronage, he was made Dean of St Paul's Cathe ...

and

, with whom he felt strongest connection and whose literary legacy he helped popularize in Poland. Barańczak's own poetry deals with three major themes: the

ethical Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns ma ...

, the

political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studi ...

, and the

literary Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to includ ...

. His language can be characterized as outstandingly fluent and flexible and the subject-matter of his poems seems to confirm his commitment to social issues. He started his literary career as "a poetic critic of language and the

social order The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social order. In the second sense, social order ...

" but his greatest achievements came from his works as a late-20th-century Parnassist, a master of poetic form. Barańczak introduced the concept of semantic dominant (Polish: ''dominanta semantyczna'') in translations of poetry. The semantic dominant is a "key to the content" of the poem. It is a semantic or formal element that is most crucial and irreplaceable. It can take the form of rhyme, versification, syntax, or the other stylistic elements that prevail. The translator's task is to find the dominant feature of a given work and make it the most important translation element. This approach to poetry translations is based on heuristic model, which Barańczak described in his essay entitled: "Mały, lecz maksymalistyczny manifest translatologiczny"(Small but Maximalistic Translatological Manifest), included in his book:"Saved in Translation: Sketches on the Craft of Translating Poetry". Some of his poems were set to music by Jan Krzysztof Kelus.

Death

Stanisław Barańczak died at the age of 68 after "a long debilitating disease" in Newtonville, Massachusetts on December 26, 2014. He was buried at

Mount Auburn Cemetery Mount Auburn Cemetery is the first rural, or garden, cemetery in the United States, located on the line between Cambridge and Watertown in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, west of Boston. It is the burial site of many prominent Boston Brah ...

Bibliography

Each year below links to its corresponding " earin poetry" article: Poetry: *

1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – " Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * J ...

, ''Korekta twarzy'' ("Facial Corrections"), Poznan: Wydawnictwo Poznanskie *

, ''Dziennik poranny'' ("Morning Journal"), Poznan: Wydawnictwo Poznanskie * 1970, ''Jednym tchem'' ("Without Stopping for Breath"), Warsaw: Orientacja *

1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...

, ''Ja wiem, że to niesłuszne'' ("I Know It's Not Right"), Paris: Instytut Literacki *

1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 ...

, ''Sztuczne oddychanie'' ("Artificial Respiration"), London: Aneks - English edition: ''Artificial Respiration'' (translated Chris Zielinski), ''Poetry World'' 2, March 1989. *

1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC. * January 9 – In ...

, ''Tryptyk z betonu, zmęczenia i śniegu'' ("Triptych with Concrete, Fatigue and Snow"), Kraków: KOS *

1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal en ...

, ''Atlantyda i inne wiersze z lat 1981-85'' ("Atlantis and Other Poems"), London: Puls * 1988, ''Widokówka z tego świata'' ("A Postcard from the Other World"), Paris: Zeszyty Literackie *

1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicis ...

, ''159 wierszy 1968-88'' ("159 Poems"), Kraków: Znak *

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...

, ''Podróż zimowa'' ("Journey in Winter"), Poznan: a5 *

1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...

, ''Zimy i podroże'' ("Winter and Journeys"), Kraków: WL *

1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...

, ''Chirurgiczna precyzja'' ("Surgical Precision"), Kraków: a5 *

2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro votes to declare independence from Serbia; The 2006 ...

, ''Wiersze zebrane'', Kraków: a5, 2006 Light verse: *

1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...

, ''Biografioly: poczet 56 jednostek sławnych, sławetnych i osławionych'' ("Biographies of 56 Celebrated, Famous or Notorious Individuals"), Poznan: a5 *

, ''Zwierzęca zajadłość: z zapisków zniechęconego zoologa'' ("Animal Ferocity: From the Notes of a Discouraged Zoologist"), Poznan: a5 *

1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...

, ''Słoń, trąba i ojczyzna'' ("The Elephant, the Trunk, and the Polish Question"), Kraków: Znak *''Pegaz zdębiał. Poezja nonsensu a życie codzienne: Wprowadzenie w prywatną teorię gatunków'' (''Pegasus fell dumb. Nonsense poetry and everyday life: introduction to a private theory of genres''), Puls, London 1995. Literary criticism: * 1973, ''Ironia i harmonia'' ("Irony and Harmony"), Warsaw: Czytelnik *

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; ...

, ''Język poetycki Mirona Białoszewskiego'' ("Miron Bialoszewski's Poetic Language"),

Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, r ...

: Ossolineum * 1979, ''Etyka i poetyka'' ("Ethics and Poetics"), Paris: Instytut Literacki * 1981, ''Książki najgorsze 1975-1980'' ("The Worst Books"), Kraków: KOS *

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...

, ''Uciekinier z utopii. O poezji Zbigniewa Herberta'' ("Fugitive from Utopia: On the Poetry of Zbigniew Herbert"), London: Polonia *

, ''Tablica z Macondo. Osiemnaście prób wytłumaczenia, po co i dlaczego się pisze'' ("A License Plate from Macondo: Eighteen Attempts at Explaining Why One Writes"), London: Aneks *

1992 File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment building in Amsterdam after two of its engin ...

, ''Ocalone w tłumaczeniu. Szkice o warsztacie tłumaczenia poezji'' ("Saved in Translation: Sketches on the Craft of Translating Poetry"), Poznan: a5 *

1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 800, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone o ...

, ''Poezja i duch uogólnienia. Wybór esejów 1970-1995'' ("Poetry and the Spirit of Generalization: Selected Essays"), Kraków: Znak Translations into Polish: *

** ''150 wierszy'' (1983) *

** ''

Hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. Set in Denmark, the play depicts ...

'' (1990) ** '' Romeo i Julia'' (1990) ** '' Jak wam się podoba'' (1990) ** '' Król Lear'' (1991) ** '' Burza'' (1991) ** '' Kupiec wenecki'' (1991) ** '' Sen nocy letniej'' (1991) ** '' Zimowa opowieść'' (1991) ** '' Makbet'' (1992) ** '' Dwaj panowie z Werony'' (1992) ** '' Poskromienie złośnicy'' (1992) ** ''

Otello ''Otello'' () is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Arrigo Boito, based on Shakespeare's play '' Othello''. It was Verdi's penultimate opera, first performed at the Teatro alla Scala, Milan, on 5 February 1887. ...

'' (1993) ** '' Juliusz Cezar'' (1993) ** '' Komedia omyłek'' (1994) ** '' Stracone zachody miłości'' (1994) ** '' Wieczór Trzech Króli'' (1994) ** '' Wiele hałasu o nic'' (1994) ** '' Koriolan'' (1995) ** '' Król Ryszard III'' (1996) ** '' Tymon Ateńczyk'' (1996) ** '' Wesołe kumoszki z Windsoru'' (1998) ** '' Król Henryk IV część 1'' (1998) ** '' Król Henryk IV część 2'' (1998) ** '' Król Henryk V'' (1999) ** '' Wszystko dobre, co się dobrze kończy'' (2001) *

, ''33 wiersze'' (1995) *

** ''100 wierszy'' ** ''Drugie 100 wierszy'' (1995) * Wystan Hugh Auden, ** ''44 wiersze'' (1994) ** ''Morze i zwierciadło. Komentarz do "Burzy" Szekspira'' (published by Wydawnictwo a5, Kraków 2003) *

Seamus Heaney Seamus Justin Heaney (; 13 April 1939 – 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright and translator. He received the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature.

, ** ''44 wiersze'' (1994) ** ''Ciągnąc dalej. Nowe wiersze 1991-1996'' (1996) ** ''Światło elektryczne'' (published by Wydawnictwo Znak, Kraków 2003) *

, ''55 wierszy'' (1993) *

, ''33 wiersze''. *

Ursula K. Le Guin Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (; October 21, 1929 – January 22, 2018) was an American author best known for her works of speculative fiction, including science fiction works set in her Hainish universe, and the '' Earthsea'' fantasy series. She was ...

, '' Czarnoksiężnik z Archipelagu'' (published by Wydawnictwo Literackie 1983) * Thomas Stearns Eliot, ''Koty'' (1995) * Iosif Brodski (

Joseph Brodsky Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky (; russian: link=no, Иосиф Александрович Бродский ; 24 May 1940 – 28 January 1996) was a Russian and American poet and essayist. Born in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), USSR in 1940, ...

), ''Znak Wodny'' (1993) * Charles Simic, ''Madonny z dorysowaną szpicbródką oraz inne wiersze, prozy poetyckie i eseje'' (1992) *

Thomas Campion Thomas Campion (sometimes spelled Campian; 12 February 1567 – 1 March 1620) was an English composer, poet, and physician. He was born in London, educated at Cambridge, studied law in Gray's inn. He wrote over a hundred lute songs, masques ...

, ''33 pieśni'' (1995) *

Andrew Marvell Andrew Marvell (; 31 March 1621 – 16 August 1678) was an English metaphysical poet, satirist and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1659 and 1678. During the Commonwealth period he was a colleague and friend ...

, ''24 wiersze'' (1993) *

, ''33 wiersze'' (1997) * Robert Herrick, ''77 wierszy'' (1992) *

, ''55 wierszy'' (1992) * George Herbert, ''66 wierszy'' (1997) *

, ''44 opowiastki'' (1998) *

Philip Larkin Philip Arthur Larkin (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist, and librarian. His first book of poetry, ''The North Ship'', was published in 1945, followed by two novels, ''Jill'' (1946) and ''A Girl in Winter'' (1947 ...

, ''44 wiersze'' (1991) *

, ''77 wierszy'' (1997) *

Paul Celan Paul Celan (; ; 23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a Romanian-born German-language poet and translator. He was born as Paul Antschel to a Jewish family in Cernăuți (German: Czernowitz), in the then Kingdom of Romania (now Chernivtsi, ...

, ''Utwory wybrane'' (1998) * Vladimir Bukowsky ( Vladimir Bukovsky), ''I powraca wiatr ...'' (1999) * Alexandr Galytch ( Alexander Galich), ''Pytajcie, synkowie. Wiersze i piosenki'' (1995) * James Merrill, ''Wybór poezji'' (1990) * Natalia Gorbaniewska ( Natalya Gorbanevskaya), ''Drewniany anioł. Wiersze'' *

Lewis Carroll Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet and mathematician. His most notable works are '' Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (1865) and its sequ ...

, W. S. Gilbert, A. E. Housman,

Hilaire Belloc Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (, ; 27 July 187016 July 1953) was a Franco-English writer and historian of the early twentieth century. Belloc was also an orator, poet, sailor, satirist, writer of letters, soldier, and political activist. ...

, ''44 opowiastki wierszem'' (published by Wydawnictwo Znak 1998) *

Henry Vaughan Henry Vaughan (17 April 1621 – 23 April 1695) was a Welsh metaphysical poet, author and translator writing in English, and a medical physician. His religious poetry appeared in ''Silex Scintillans'' in 1650, with a second part in 1655.''Oxfo ...

, ''33 wiersze'' (published by Wydawnictwo Znak 2000) * ''Z Tobą więc ze Wszystkim: 222 arcydzieła angielskiej i amerykańskiej liryki religijnej'' (published by Wydawnictwo Znak 1992) * ''Ocalone w tłumaczeniu: szkice o warsztacie tłumacza poezji z dodatkiem małej antologii przekładów-problemów'' (published by Wydawnictwo a5 Kraków 2004) * ''Fioletowa krowa: antologia angielskiej i amerykańskiej poezji niepoważnej'' (published by Wydawnictwo a5 Kraków 2007) *

Ogden Nash Frederic Ogden Nash (August 19, 1902 – May 19, 1971) was an American poet well known for his light verse, of which he wrote over 500 pieces. With his unconventional rhyming schemes, he was declared by ''The New York Times'' the country's best ...

, ''W świecie mułów nie ma regułów'' (published by Media Rodzina 2007) * Peter Barnes, ''Czerwone nosy'' (published in ''Dialog'', 1993, number 1-2, p. 35-101) * ''Antologia angielskiej poezji metafizycznej XVII stulecia'' (published by PIW 1991) Translations into

(anthologies): **

1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...

: ''The Weight of the Body: Selected Poems'', Chicago: Another Chicago Press/TriQuarterly ** 1987: ''A Fugitive From Utopia: The Poetry of

Zbigniew Herbert Zbigniew Herbert (; 29 October 1924 – 28 July 1998) was a Polish poet, essayist, drama writer and moralist. He is one of the best known and the most translated post-war Polish writers. While he was first published in the 1950s (a volume titled ...

'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press **

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz. ...

, '' Laments'' (with

Seamus Heaney Seamus Justin Heaney (; 13 April 1939 – 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright and translator. He received the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature.

) Translations into

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

(anthologies): **

: ''Panorama der Polnischen literatur des 20 Jahrhunderts'', Zürich: Ammann **

: ''Polnische Lyrik Aus 100 Jahren'', Gifkendorf: Merlin

References

External links

Barańczak's profile at the Harvard University Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures website

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baranczak, Stanislaw 1946 births 2014 deaths 20th-century Polish poets 20th-century translators Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery Harvard University faculty Members of the Workers' Defence Committee Nike Award winners Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań faculty Polish–English translators Polish dissidents Polish emigrants to the United States Solidarity (Polish trade union) activists The New Yorker people Polish translation scholars English–Polish translators Writers from Poznań The Polish Review editors