St Helen's Church, Welton
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Welton (or Welton with Melton) is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The parish extends to the bank of the
Humber Estuary The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers Ouse and Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between the ...
at its southern extreme, and into the Yorkshire Wolds in the northern part. The A63 road and Hull to Selby railway line both bisect the parish east–west, south of Melton and Welton. The civil parish is formed by the villages of Welton and Melton and the hamlet of
Wauldby Wauldby is a region in the Yorkshire Wolds within the civil parish of Welton in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It contains the gentrified hamlet around Wauldby Manor Farm, and a few other minor dwellings including Little Wauldby Farm. ...
. According to the 2011 census, Welton parish had a population of 2,176, an increase on the
2001 UK census A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194. The 2001 UK census was organised by the Office for National ...
figure of 1,560. Welton village is situated approximately north-east of the town of Brough on the north side of the A63 road to Kingston upon Hull. It is on the Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail, a
long distance footpath A long-distance trail (or long-distance footpath, track, way, greenway) is a longer recreational trail mainly through rural areas used for hiking, backpacking, cycling, horse riding or cross-country skiing. They exist on all continents exc ...
. Major landmarks in the parish include Welton Waters, a former clay pit, and home of Welton Waters Adventure Centre and Welton Sailing Club; Melton Bottom Quarry, a chalk quarry in Melton; and the ''Melton West'' and ''Melton Park'' industrial estates. The exposed boulder clay at Red Cliff on the Humber bank is an archaeological site returning Roman deposits. Minor landmarks and sites of interest include Nut Wood and Wauldby Scrogs (now a Woodland Trust property) in
Wauldby Wauldby is a region in the Yorkshire Wolds within the civil parish of Welton in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It contains the gentrified hamlet around Wauldby Manor Farm, and a few other minor dwellings including Little Wauldby Farm. ...
, and the Raikes mausoleum within the wooded valley of Welton Dale.


Welton village and dale

Welton village lies at the southern end of Welton dale; both village and valley have been long appreciated for their picturesque qualities. The Church of St Helen is at the centre of the village, with a defunct mill pond to the north and west. Most of the village's housing is of brick, predominantly red, some painted or rendered in with most buildings two storied, either
Georgian Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) ** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group ** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians **Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
or
Victorian Victorian or Victorians may refer to: 19th century * Victorian era, British history during Queen Victoria's 19th-century reign ** Victorian architecture ** Victorian house ** Victorian decorative arts ** Victorian fashion ** Victorian literature ...
in style. Welton was recorded in the '' Doomsday survey'' of the 11th century as "Welleton", then a small village with 53 persons recorded and no church. The name derives from the
old English Old English (, ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Anglo ...
''wella'' (spring) and ''tūn'' meaning "farm by the spring(s)"; the area is the site of several springs, (see also gipseys) including St Annes Well in the grounds of the former Welton House. The name 'Welton with Melton', and sometimes 'Welton cum Melton' has been used to differentiate from other larger nearby towns called Welton, such as
Welton, Lincolnshire Welton (; or Welton by Lincoln) is a large village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish was recorded as 4,327 in the 2011 census. It is geographically situated nort ...
. In 1519 the first recorded instance of an accidental fatal shooting in England was recorded at Welton. The highwayman
Dick Turpin Richard Turpin (bapt. 21 September 1705 – 7 April 1739) was an English highwayman whose exploits were romanticised following his execution in York for horse theft. Turpin may have followed his father's trade as a butcher ear ...
was charged with horse theft from Thomas Creasy at Welton in 1739 and later tried and hanged in York, in local legend he was arrested at the Green Dragon in Welton. Enclosure of the township was enabled by laws passed in 1752 and 1772. The Williamson's, merchants of Hull undertook much of the tree plantation along the roads around Welton, and in Welton Dale. ''Welton Mill'' located at the northern edge of the village at the bottom of Welton dale was constructed in the late 1700s and early 1800s, and altered in 1861; it is a five-storey brick built building, with a breastshot water wheel of diameter. Raikes mausoleum at the northern end of the dale close to Wauldby was built 1818. The village's population increased from 449 in 1801 to 672 in 1832, in 1861 it was 688. By the 1855 the village was well established; in addition to modest dwellings there were substantial houses and halls within and on the village's periphery: ''Welton Grange'' (about 1741), ''Welton Hall'' (about 1770), ''Welton House'' (rebuilt 1769/9), ''Spring Hill'' (later ''Welton Manor'', built 1820), ''Welton Hill'' (1830) ''Welton Garth'' (1830s), and the vicarage of the church of St Helen's. The mill (''High Mill'') and pond at the northern outskirts of the village at the bottom of Melton Dale were also established. In addition to the parish church several non-conformist missions had been established by the 1850s including meeting places for Wesleyan, Unitarian, Primitive and Independents, both Weslyans and Primitives had chapels built in 1815 and 1869 respectively. Welton House was demolished in 1952, St Anne's Community Special School was established on part of the site in 1974. Welton was made a
conservation area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the ena ...
in 1974, several village buildings built during the 18th and 19th century are grade II listed, as are the larger houses of Welton Hill, Welton Lodge, Welton Grange, Welton Manor, and Welton Hill. The Green Dragon, Welton Mill, St Helen's church and the memorial fountain on the village green are also listed.


St Helen's church

It has been speculated that a church existed in Welton before 1100, the current church is thought to date from the reign of William Rufus; coins from the period were found in the foundations of part of the church during its 19th-century restoration. The church was restored several times through its history; in the 1860s a substantial restoration of the church took place, at a cost of £6,000 funded by a Miss Broadley of Welton. The restoration was by
George Gilbert Scott Sir George Gilbert Scott (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), known as Sir Gilbert Scott, was a prolific English Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he started ...
, resulting in a church in a 13th-century
gothic revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...
style; the resulting structure was essentially rebuilt and added a south aisle and north transept, with some 15th-century columns and arches, and a piscina retained, a scalloped column
capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
, an
effigy An effigy is an often life-size sculptural representation of a specific person, or a prototypical figure. The term is mostly used for the makeshift dummies used for symbolic punishment in political protests and for the figures burned in certai ...
of a knight, and a
lancet window A lancet window is a tall, narrow window with a pointed arch at its top. It acquired the "lancet" name from its resemblance to a lance. Instances of this architectural element are typical of Gothic church edifices of the earliest period. Lancet wi ...
date to the 12th and 13th centuries. The restoration also introduced stained glass windows by William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones, and by
Jean-Baptiste Capronnier Jean-Baptiste Capronnier (1 February 1814 – 31 July 1891) was a Belgian stained glass painter. Born in Brussels, Belgium in 1814, he had much to do with the modern revival of glass-painting, and first made his reputation by his study of the o ...
. The church was
grade II* listed In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
in 1968.


Welton civil parish

The main habitation in Welton civil parish is Welton village; the village of Melton is the only other village sized habitation; Wauldby, a former village, consists of a manor house, farm buildings and cottages.Ordnance survey, 1:25000, 2006 The parish is primarily rural, the northern part is within the Yorkshire Wolds with a high point of in the north-west of the parish, the southern part is in low-lying land on the banks of the Humber Estuary at an elevation of around or less. Both Welton and Melton villages lie at the foot of the Wolds hills; to the south were ''Welton Common'' and ''Melton Common'', and near the Humber bank ''Welton Ings'' ''and Melton Ings''.Ordnance survey, 1:10560, 1855; 1891–2; 1910; 1952–3, 1:10000 1971–2; 1984 (see Ings). The Hull and Selby Railway (1840), and the A63 road (1963) link Kingston upon Hull westwards and forming north to south barriers to movement in the parish.


History

Human activity in the parish dates to the prehistoric period, Redcliff, on the Humber bank at the boundary with the neighbouring parish of North Ferriby is evidenced to have been a trading site during the period of the
Roman conquest of Britain The Roman conquest of Britain refers to the conquest of the island of Britain by occupying Roman forces. It began in earnest in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, and was largely completed in the southern half of Britain by 87 when the Staneg ...
(1st century AD), evidence of iron working at the site has also been found. A linear Roman villa existed at Welton Wold, thought to be the earliest example in the East Riding, the Roman villa was demolished by 340 AD, and the entire location destroyed by quarrying in the 20th century. Both Wauldby and Welton were recorded in the '' Doomsday survey'' of the 11th century. At the time of the first
enclosure act The Inclosure Acts, which use an archaic spelling of the word now usually spelt "enclosure", cover enclosure of open fields and common land in England and Wales, creating legal property rights to land previously held in common. Between 1604 and 1 ...
affecting Welton (1751) the banks of the Humber were improved, preventing flooding of approximately of ''"Welton Ings"'', with drains constructed, and roads made to access the improved pasture. A further were enclosed by a second 1772 act. The parish was enlarged in 1888 by adding part of the chapelry of Melton and then absorbed the rest of it in 1935; the township of Wauldby became part of the parish in 1935. Industrial development altered the physical geography of the parish during the 20th century; in 1892 the only development was a brick and tile works on the Humber bank, excluding numerous small pits dug in the wolds for chalk extraction. In the 1920s the Humber Portland Cement Co. Ltd. was established, and a quarry Melton Bottom Quarry opened. Clay extraction for the cement works became extensive and eventually extended westwards along the Humber bank into ''Welton Ings''. A tin smelting works
Capper Pass, Melton Capper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Andy Capper (born 1973), English journalist *Arthur Capper (1865–1951), American politician *Charles Capper, American historian * Charles Capper (politician) (1822–1869), British Me ...
opened in 1937. By 2000 the cement works and smelter had closed, with some residual chalk processing activity (Quicklime manufacture) at the cement works site. In the early 2000 the industrial sites began to be redeveloped into warehousing and manufacturing estates (named 'Melton Park'); additionally the ''Melton West'' industrial estate (2007, extended 2011), and another ''Melton Park'' (or ''Melton Business Park'') industrial/commercial estate (begun 2007) were built on a mostly greenfield site between the A63 and railway line, and increased the area given over to non-agricultural development beyond that used by the earlier cement and tin works. Part of the former clay pits in Welton Ings were used as an artificial late, ''Welton Waters'', of , and used for recreational sailing, and other activities. As of 2012, quarrying at ''Melton Bottom Quarry'' continues. By 1970
greenhouse A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse, or, if with sufficient heating, a hothouse) is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of Transparent ceramics, transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic condit ...
based horticulture had started to be developed south of Welton village – this became extensive and extended westwards into the neighbouring parish of
Elloughton-cum-Brough Elloughton-cum-Brough is a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated to the west of Hull city centre and covering an area of . It comprises the town of Brough and the village of Elloughton. In 2011 the parish ...
by the 1980s; by 2006 this had been reduced in scale, in part due to the expansion of the suburban outskirts of Brough, which by 2006 extended into the western fringe of the parish.


Notable people

*
Elizabeth Sanderson, Baroness Sanderson of Welton Elizabeth Jenny Rosemary Sanderson, Baroness Sanderson of Welton (born 24 May 1971) is a British political advisor, life peer, and former journalist. As a journalist, she worked at the ''Mail on Sunday'' for 17 years. She was a special advise ...
, British political advisor, life peer, and journalist


Notes


References


Sources

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External links

* * {{authority control Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire Civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire