Speeches and debates of Ronald Reagan

The speeches and debates of Ronald Reagan comprise the seminal oratory of the 40th President of the United States. Reagan began his career in Iowa as a radio broadcaster. In 1937, he moved to Los Angeles where he started acting, first in films and later television. After delivering a stirring speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. In 1980, as the Republican nominee for president of the United States, he defeated incumbent Jimmy Carter. He was reelected in a landslide in 1984, proclaiming that it was "Morning in America". Reagan left office in 1989.

Overview

After graduating from Eureka College in Illinois, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster. Then, in 1937, to California where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television.

In 1964 Reagan endorsed the campaign of conservative presidential contender Barry Goldwater. In his speech, " A Time for Choosing", Reagan stressed the need for smaller government. The speech raised 1 million dollars for Goldwater and is considered the event that launched Reagan's political career. It also marked a shift of the Republican Party from a moderate to a "Western more politically charged ideology." California Republicans were impressed with Reagan's political views and charisma after his "Time for Choosing" speech, and nominated him for Governor of California in 1966. Reagan was elected governor and served two terms.

At the first Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in 1974 Reagan addressed the attendees saying "We Will Be As a Shining City upon a Hill", in reference to John Winthrop's use of the City upon a Hill trope from Matthew 5:14; with the addition of "shining" it became Reagan's trademark expression.

In 1980 Reagan challenged Jimmy Carter for the presidency of the United States. During their only debate, Reagan used the phrase, "There you go again." The line emerged as a single defining phrase of the 1980 presidential election. The phrase has endured in the political lexicon in news headlines, as a way to quickly refer to various presidential candidates' bringing certain issues up repeatedly during debates, or to Reagan himself. The Associated Press wrote in 2008: "Reagan was a master at capturing a debate moment that everyone will remember. His 'there you go again' line defused his opponent's attack." In the general election Reagan won by a landslide.

Reagan was the first American president to address the British Parliament. In a famous address on June 8, 1982, to the British Parliament in the Royal Gallery of the Palace of Westminster, Reagan said, "the forward march of freedom and democracy will leave Marxism–Leninism on the ash-heap of history."

Reagan ran for reelection in 1984. The Democratic nominee was Walter Mondale. Reagan performed poorly in the first debate, but rebounded in the second debate, and confronted questions about his age, quipping, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience," which generated applause and laughter, even from Mondale himself. Mondale later recalled that

The disintegration of the Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' on January 28, 1986, proved a pivotal moment in Reagan's presidency. All seven astronauts aboard were killed. On the night of the disaster, Reagan delivered a speech, written by Peggy Noonan, in which he said:

The speech is ranked as one of the ten best American political speeches of the 20th century.

Reagan believed that Western Democracy offered the best hope to open the Berlin Wall. On June 12, 1987, he gave a speech at the Wall in which he challenged Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to "Tear down this wall!" Reagan's senior staffers objected to the phrase, but Reagan overruled them saying, "I think we'll leave it in." "Tear down this wall!" has been called "The four most famous words of Ronald Reagan's Presidency." Although there is some disagreement over how much influence Reagan's words had on the destruction of the wall, the speech is remembered as an important moment in Cold War history and was listed by ''Time'' magazine as one of the ten greatest speeches in history.

Oratorical style

Reagan's effectiveness as a public speaker earned him the moniker, "Great Communicator." Former Reagan speechwriter Ken Khachigian wrote, "What made him the Great Communicator was Ronald Reagan's determination and ability to educate his audience, to bring his ideas to life by using illustrations and word pictures to make his arguments vivid to the mind's eye. In short: he was America's Teacher."

Franklin D. Roosevelt, from whom Reagan often borrowed, ushered in a new age of presidential communication by broadcasting his "fireside chats" on the newly invented radio. Reagan, in his time, put his own stamp on presidential communication by harnessing the power of television broadcasting. He used skills developed during his radio, film and television career, and according to Lou Cannon, Reagan "set the standard in using television to promote his presidency." Khachigian noted three qualities that fostered Reagan's success. He described Reagan's voice as "a fine Merlot being poured gently into a crystal goblet." Reagan, a trained actor, has excellent "camera presence." Khachigan found Reagan's ability to create word pictures critical in communicating with his audience.

Reagan said that it was his "empathy" with the American people that made him an effective communicator and leader. Reagan was able to connect to people through storytelling. While this simple form of communicating led detractors such as Clark Clifford to label Reagan as "an amiable dunce", Michael K. Deaver likened this dismissive attitude to a "secret weapon."

At the end of his political career, Reagan reflected on the moniker "Great Communicator." At his farewell address he said:

Speeches

Rankings

In 2009 a list was compiled by professors at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Texas A&M University and based on the opinions of "137 leading scholars of American public address." The speeches by Ronald Reagan which made the list are below:

''Time'' magazine listed the Brandenburg Gate Address on its list of "Top 10 Greatest Speeches".

Debates

Behind the scenes

File:Reagan works on SOTU 1982.jpg, Reagan at Camp David working on the 1982 State of the Union
File:President Ronald Reagan and David Stockman at Camp David.jpg, Reagan and David Stockman prepare for the presidential debate at Camp David, October 6, 1984
File:President Ronald Reagan drafting the 1985 Inaugural Address in the Oval Office Study.jpg, Drafting the second inaugural address in the Oval Office study, 1985
File:President Ronald Reagan working on State of the Union Speech in the Residence Office.jpg, Writing the 1987 State of the Union address in the Residence
file:Berlin-speechwriters 1987.jpg, White House speechwriters meet to develop the Berlin Wall speech, 1987

See also

* '' Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine''
* State of the Union address
* United States presidential election debates

;Reagan speechwriters
* Tony Blankley
* Aram Bakshian
* Ben T. Elliott
* Jeffrey Hart
* Ken Khachigian
* Peggy Noonan
* Mari Maseng
* John Podhoretz
* Dana Rohrabacher
* David Tell

References

External links

Presidential Speech Archive – Ronald Reagan
Miller Center, audio and video files

The Great Communicator
speech archive at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library


speech and debate transcripts at the archive of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library


images of major speeches at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library


National Public Radio

Campaigns and Elections
content and videos of debates at the Miller Center

The Reagan Foundation
official YouTube channel


CNN


by Russell D. Renka

President Reagan's 83rd Birthday Celebration
C-SPAN video, February 3, 1994

{{Ronald Reagan

Conservatism-related lists
Articles containing video clips
Reagan, Ronald
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