Sparsholt Roman Villa
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Sparsholt Roman Villa was a Roman villa near the village of Sparsholt, Hampshire, England. It was constructed in phases from the 2nd to the 5th century, and then abandoned. It was excavated in 1965–72. Nothing is visible at the site today, but finds from the excavations are on display in Winchester City Museum, and one wing of the villa has been reconstructed at
Butser Ancient Farm Butser Ancient Farm is an archaeological open-air museum and experimental archaeology site located near Petersfield, Hampshire, Petersfield in Hampshire, southern England. Butser features experimental reconstructions of prehistoric, Romano-Britis ...
.


History

The earliest known house uncovered at Sparsholt was a single-aisled farmhouse probably built in the 2nd century.Dominic Perring, (2002), ''The Roman House in Britain'', pages 53–4. Routledge It may initially have been undivided internally, but by 200 AD it had been replaced by an aisled house with living rooms and a bath suite at one end.Richard Hingley, (1989), ''Rural settlement in Roman Britain'', page 69. Seaby In the early 4th century a separate winged-corridor house was constructed at right-angles to the aisled house, and both buildings formed two sides of a rectangular enclosure. A barn-like structure was added on the third side of the enclosure.Guy De la Bédoyère, (1993), ''Book of Roman villas and the countryside'', page 63. English Heritage The fourth side contained the entrance to the enclosure which was opposite the winged-corridor house. Tessellated pavements and mosaics were added to both houses. The last structure to be built, perhaps during the post-Roman period, was a timbered hall, outside the courtyard.Monument No. 231909
Pastscape
This incorporated material plundered from the earlier buildings, but nothing distinctively post-Roman or early
Saxon The Saxons ( la, Saxones, german: Sachsen, ang, Seaxan, osx, Sahson, nds, Sassen, nl, Saksen) were a group of Germanic * * * * peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, la, Saxonia) near the Nor ...
has been found on the site.


Excavation and display

The villa is located in West Wood, just west of the village of Sparsholt, Hampshire. Trial excavations were conducted in 1890 and 1895 which revealed part of the plan of the villa. Excavations, which were led by David E. Johnston, were conducted from 1965–72.David E. Johnston, (2002), ''Discovering Roman Britain'', pages 61–2. Osprey Nothing is visible on the ground today. On display in Winchester City Museum is a near-intact 4th-century geometric mosaic taken from the aisled building.Roger John Anthony Wilson, (2002), ''A guide to the Roman remains in Britain'', page 113. Constable Also on display in the museum is a
fresco Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...
containing a female portrait within a tondo, which may show the mistress of the house. Another fresco is a painted version of a guilloché – a type of pattern common in mosaics but extremely rare in Roman frescos. At
Butser Ancient Farm Butser Ancient Farm is an archaeological open-air museum and experimental archaeology site located near Petersfield, Hampshire, Petersfield in Hampshire, southern England. Butser features experimental reconstructions of prehistoric, Romano-Britis ...
near Petersfield is a reconstruction of the aisled villa building. The building was constructed by volunteers and includes a functioning
hypocaust A hypocaust ( la, hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes. This air can warm th ...
system.


References


Further reading

*David E. Johnston, (1973), ''The Sparsholt Roman villa: summary of excavations, 1965–1972'' {{Roman visitor sites in the UK Roman villas in Hampshire 2nd-century establishments in Roman Britain 5th-century disestablishments in Roman Britain