, ''Pivdennyi Buh'' , name_etymology = , image = Sunset S Bug Vinnitsa 2007 G1.jpg , image_size = 270 , image_caption = Southern Bug River in the vicinity of Vinnytsia,

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

, map = PietinisBugas.png , map_size = 270px , map_caption = Southern Bug through Ukraine , pushpin_map = , pushpin_map_size = , pushpin_map_caption= , subdivision_type1 = Country , subdivision_name1 =

, subdivision_type2 = , subdivision_name2 = , subdivision_type3 = Oblast , subdivision_name3 = , subdivision_type4 = , subdivision_name4 = , subdivision_type5 = , subdivision_name5 = , length = , width_min = , width_avg = , width_max = , depth_min = , depth_avg = , depth_max = , discharge1_location= , discharge1_min = , discharge1_avg = 108 m3/s , discharge1_max = , source1 = , source1_location =

Khmelnytskyi Oblast Khmelnytskyi Oblast ( uk, Хмельни́цька о́бласть, translit=Khmelnytska oblast; also referred to as Khmelnychchyna — uk, Хмельни́ччина) is an oblast (province) of western Ukraine covering portions of the histo ...

, source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , mouth = , mouth_location = Bug Estuary,

, mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = , basin_size = , tributaries_left = , tributaries_right = , custom_label = , custom_data = , extra = Yedisan

The Southern Bug, also called Southern Buh ( uk, Південний Буг, ''Pivdennyi Buh''; russian: Южный Буг, ''Yuzhny Bug''; ro, Bugul de Sud or just ), and sometimes Boh River ( uk, Бог, pl, Boh),Boh River
at the

Encyclopedia of Ukraine The ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'' ( uk, Енциклопедія українознавства, translit=Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies. Development The work was creat ...

is a navigable river located in

. It is the second-longest river in Ukraine. The source of the river is in the west of Ukraine, in the Volyn-Podillia Upland, about from the Polish border, from where it flows southeasterly into the Bug Estuary (

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

basin) through the southern steppes. It is long and drains .Южный Буг

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...

Several regionally important cities and towns in Ukraine are located on the Southern Bug. Beginning in Western Ukraine and moving downstream, in a southeasterly direction, they are: Khmelnytskyi, Khmilnyk, Vinnytsia,

Haivoron Haivoron ( uk, Гайворон) is a town in Holovanivsk Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast ( region) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Haivoron urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Haivoron is situated on the Souther ...

, Pervomaisk,

Voznesensk Voznesensk ( uk, Вознесенськ, ; russian: Вознесенск) is a city in Mykolaiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine and the administrative center of Voznesensk Raion (district). It hosts the administration of the Voznesensk urban hroma ...

and Mykolaiv. Between 1941 and 1944 during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

the Southern Bug formed the border between the German-occupied Ukraine and the Romanian-occupied part of Ukraine, called

Transnistria Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...

Nomenclature, etymology and history

( uk, Південний Буг, ''Pivdennyi Buh''; pl, Boh; russian: Южный Буг; Ottoman tr, Aksu)

Herodotus Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria (Italy). He is known fo ...

(c. 484–425 BCE) refers to the river using its

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic pe ...

name: Hypanis. During the

Migration Period The Migration Period was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roma ...

of the 5th to the 8th centuries CE the Southern Bug represented a major obstacle to all the migrating peoples in the area. The long-standing local Slavic name of the river, ''Boh'' (

Cyrillic The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking co ...

: Бог), according to

Zbigniew Gołąb Zbigniew Gołąb (16 March 1923, in Nowy Targ – 24 March 1994, in Chicago) was a Polish-American linguist and Slavist. He was described as "one of the world's greatest experts on the Macedonian language and the leading expert on Macedonian� ...

as ''*bugъ''/''*buga'' derives from Indo-European verbal root ''*bheug-'' (having cognates in old Germanic word ''*bheugh-'' etc. with meaning of "bend, turn, moves away"), with hypothetical original meaning of "pertaining to a (river) bend", and derivatives in Russian ''búga'' ("low banks of a river, overgrown with bushes"), Polish ''bugaj'' ("bushes or woods in a river valley or on a steep river bank"), Latvian ''bauga'' ("marshy place by a river"). The 17th-century French military engineer and geographer Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan recorded the name of the river as ''Bog''. From the 16th to the 18th centuries most of the south of Ukraine was under Turkish imperial domination and the colonists renamed the river using their own language to the ''Aq-su'', meaning the "White river". Indigenous Slavic toponyms were re-established after the liberation of the Pontic region from Turkish domination in the 17th and 18th centuries. On March 6, 1918, the Central Council of the

Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...

adopted a law on the "administrative-territorial division of Ukraine", dividing it into regional districts. One of these, Pobozhia (meaning lands of the ''Boh'', uk , Побожжя), was in the upstream lands of the Southern Bug, near the source of the river.

Tributaries

The main tributaries of the Southern Bug are, from source to mouth (length in parentheses): * Left: Buzhok (75),

Ikva The Ikva ( uk, Іква) is a river in Ukraine and a right tributary of the Styr River that flows through Lviv Oblast, Ternopil Oblast and Rivne Oblast in the Volhynian Upland.Zabokrytska, M. Ikva (І́КВА)'. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine. ...

(57), Snyvoda (58), Desna (80), Sob (115), Udych (56), Synytsia (78),

Synyukha Syniukha () is a river in Ukraine, a left tributary of the Southern Bug, the basin of Black Sea. Its name means blue or of blue shade. It is long and its basin area is .

(111), Velyka Korabelna (45), Mertvovid (114), Hnylyi Yelanets (103), Inhul (354) * Right: Vovk (71), Zghar (95), Riv (104), Silnytsia (67), Dokhna (68), Savran (97), Kodyma (149), Bakshala (57), Chychyklia (156)

Ecology

In October 2020, the Southern Bug was stocked with three hundred and fifty kilograms of Hungarian carp and 50 kilograms of silver carp at Khmelnytskyi.

Bridges and ferries

The Varvarivskyi Bridge over Southern Bug in Mykolayiv is a swing bridge (facilitating ship building) with

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

's largest span (134 m). It is also the southernmost bridge over the river.

Navigation

The river is technically navigable for dozens of kilometers up from its mouth; several river ports (such as Mykolayiv) exist. In 2011, plans were announced to revive commercial freight navigation on the Southern Bug upstream of Mykolayiv, to facilitate the increasing

grain A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit ( caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legum ...

export from Ukraine.«НИБУЛОН» заложил основу собственного флота
/ref> As of April 2018, freight navigation was renewed between the estuary and a newly built grain terminal in the village of Prybuzhany,

Voznesensk Raion Voznesensk Raion ( uk, Вознесенський район) is located in Mykolaiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the town of Voznesensk. Population: History In 1923, uyezds in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic were abolish ...

, in the center of the Mykolaiv Oblast.

Gallery

File:Southern Bug under ice.JPG, Winter-frozen Southern Bug in Mykolaiv. File:Rika Ploska vpadaye v Pivdenny Bug, Khmelnitsky, 2005 07 28.jpg, The emptying into the Southern Bug. File:South Bug Vinnitsa 2006 G1.JPG, Southern Bug in Vinnytsia. File:Ship M I Pirogov Vinnitsa 2006 G2.jpg, A riverboat on the river in Vinnytsia (2006). File:South bug08.jpg, Riverside skyline of Khmelnytskyi. File:Yujni bug 2.jpg, Southern Bug in vicinity of the Granite-steppe lands of Bug landscape park. File:Меджибізький замок (травень 2011).jpg, Southern Bug in Medzhybizh File:Confluence of the rivers Southern Bug and Dnieper.jpg, Historical map of the confluence of the rivers Southern Bug and Dnieper.

References

External links

Southern Buh rafting
*
Boh
in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1880) *
Photos of the Southern Buh coasts
*

{{Authority control Rivers of Ukraine Rivers of Khmelnytskyi Oblast Rivers of Kirovohrad Oblast Rivers of Mykolaiv Oblast Rivers of Odesa Oblast Rivers of Vinnytsia Oblast Tributaries of the Black Sea