South Wind (passenger train)

The ''South Wind'' was a named passenger train equipped and operated jointly by the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (later Seaboard Coast Line), and the Florida East Coast Railway. The ''South Wind'' began operations in December 1940, providing streamliner service between Chicago, Illinois and Miami, Florida. This was one of three new seven-car, all-coach streamliners operating in coordination every third day along different routes between Chicago and Miami. The other two longest enduring Chicago-Florida trains were the '' City of Miami'' and the ''Dixie Flagler''. The ''South Wind'' remained in service through the creation of Amtrak in 1971.

Route

The ''South Wind'' departed Chicago Union Station and ran through Logansport and Indianapolis to Louisville Union Station. It then proceeded down the Louisville & Nashville main line through Bowling Green, Nashville, and Birmingham to Montgomery. From Montgomery, it ran down the Atlantic Coast Line through Dothan, Thomasville, Valdosta and Waycross to Jacksonville. The last leg to Miami was over the Florida East Coast. After a number of schedule changes throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s, the train was running every other day opposite the ''City of Miami'', both trains then carrying sleeping cars. By 1955, Florida West Coast service was added, using cars added to the '' West Coast Champion'' trains in Jacksonville.

History

The train, beginning service in December 1940, used a seven-car trainset built by the Budd Company. The set, which did not include sleepers, was similar to trains built for the Seaboard Air Line's New York-Miami ''Silver Meteor'' and the Southern's New York-New Orleans '' Southerner'', except that it was painted in the Pennsylvania's Tuscan Red, which required special preparation of the stainless steel that composed the cars' sides.

The ''South Wind'', like most trains that operated in the South, was racially segregated. As required by law in Southern states the train passed through, the combination baggage/coach – colloquially called the "colored coach" – was reserved for black passengers. Blacks were not allowed in the observation lounge and were restricted to two tables behind a curtain in the dining car.

The ''South Wind'' ran every third day between its respective endpoint cities, in coordination with the ''Dixie Flagler'' (an FEC-owned train that used the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad (C&EI), L&N, Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway (NC&STL), Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Railroad (AB&C), ACL and FEC) and the '' City of Miami''—another colorful seven car Illinois Central Railroad train, which ran south of Birmingham by the Central of Georgia Railway and ACL to Jacksonville, then on to Miami via the FEC.

Additionally, when service was initiated, there were actually three every-third-day trains on each route. The ''Dixie Flagler'' was accompanied by the '' Dixiana''; the ''South Wind'' by the '' Florida Arrow'' and '' Jacksonian''; and the ''City of Miami'' by the ''Sunchaser'' and the '' Floridan'' (note absence of the second "i"). These alternate trains were not lightweight, all-coach consists like the three new streamliners. This coordination enabled passengers to have the convenience of daily service all along their respective routes between Chicago and Miami. The additional two trains per route were discontinued during World War II.

Originally the coordinated schedules of the three streamliners left Chicago in the morning, arriving Miami early the next afternoon. The trains were quickly turned and left Miami in the late afternoon arriving back in Chicago just before bedtime the next day. After World War II, the ''Dixieland'' (''nee'' ''Dixie Flagler''), ''Sunchaser'' and ''Florida Arrow'' were reinstated. Upon their discontinuation, the ''City of Miami'' and ''South Wind'' trains began running two days out of three. However, the tight Miami turnaround hampered operations, and after adding trainsets, the ''City of Miami'' and ''South Wind'' changed to every-other-day operation. The ''Dixie Flyer'' remained every third day. In 1954, the latter train was re-equipped and renamed the "new" ''Dixieland.'' At least into the mid-1960s, the Chicago segment was supplemented by a segment north of Louisville that continued to Cincinnati. While initially, it was a coach-only service, by the 1950s its consists included modern sleeping cars.

In December 1957 both the ''Dixie Flagler'' and the ''Southland'' were discontinued. The ''Southland'' had run daily from various Midwestern cities, through Atlanta and Albany, directly to the Florida west coast cities of Tampa and St. Petersburg, thus bypassing Jacksonville. However, since 1955, west coast cars were added to the ''City of Miami'' and ''South Wind,'' and they had already begun to serve the west Florida market. These cars were attached to the '' West Coast Champion'' sections going from Jacksonville to Tampa-Sarasota and to St. Petersburg via Trilby, which is now largely dismantled. After the merger of the ACL and Seaboard, the combined Seaboard Coast Line changed the west coast operations, in April 1968, to the single section to St. Petersburg with a motor connection to Tampa.

The 1963 strike of non-operating unions on the Florida East Coast Railway resulted in the abrupt end of all passenger services on that railroad. While passenger trains would return in two short E9-powered consists that operated due to a requirement in FEC's charter to provide such trains, the ''South Wind'' along with other named trains such as the ''City of Miami'', ''Florida Special'' and '' East Coast Champion'' shifted from using the FEC Railway coastal route to use internal lines: the Atlantic Coast Line's Jacksonville-Palatka-Tampa main line between Jacksonville and Auburndale Winter_Haven.html" ;"title="Winter_Haven,_Florida.html" ;"title=" town adjacent to Winter Haven, Florida">Winter Haven">Winter_Haven,_Florida.html" ;"title=" town adjacent to Winter Haven, Florida">Winter Havenref>1965 L&N timetable http://streamlinermemories.info/South/L&N65TT.pdf and the Seaboard Air Line route from Auburdale to Miami. This would be a harbinger of the future with the upcoming Seaboard Coast Line (July 1, 1967) merger and the eventual operation of this train by Amtrak.

While the train grew in size throughout the 1940s, and 1950s, the 1960s saw the decline that caught most passenger trains in the United States. The Pennsylvania Railroad merged in 1968 with the New York Central to form Penn Central. Over time, the PC became increasingly hostile to passenger service, much like the Southern Pacific Transportation Company, Southern Pacific was at the time. Unlike the SP, the PC's passenger services–especially outside the Northeast Corridor–were noted for their poor quality. The increasingly cash-strapped PC made consistent efforts to reduce its passenger services outside the Northeast.

The ''South Wind'' was not immune and the PC stopped handling it between Chicago and Louisville in December 1969, choosing instead to operate a coach only connection. This left the L&N and SCL to carry on the truncated service until May 1, 1971 when Amtrak assumed responsibility for the provision of passenger services over the L&N, SCL, and Penn Central, among others.

Amtrak

Amtrak made the ''South Wind'' a daily service. Under Amtrak the ''South Wind'' departed Chicago's Central Station in the morning and arrived in St. Petersburg, Florida or Miami, Florida late afternoon the following day. Total trip time was 33–34 hours, depending on the endpoints. The itinerary varied slightly. Whereas Van Station (Logansport) was the west-central Indiana stop for the earlier PRR version of the train, Amtrak made Lafayette station the west-central Indiana stop. On November 14, 1971, Amtrak renamed the train the '' Floridian,'' and changed it to a two-night schedule: trains would leave Union Station in the late evening and arrive in Florida the morning of the third day. The ''Floridian'' was discontinued in 1979 as part of the Federal budget cuts that year that impacted several major Amtrak routes.

References

External links

John Kilbride, "The South Wind," ''Passenger Train Journal'', August 31, 2017.
- includes photos


* ttp://streamlinerschedules.com/concourse/track2/southwind197104.html The ''South Wind'' under its final private railroad itinerary and consist, April, 1971 at Streamliner Schedules

Bibliography

* Prince, Richard E. ''Louisville and Nashville Steam Locomotives'', 1968 rev. ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000 (reprint). (Includes photographs, route map, and timetable of the South Wind on pp. 161–164; se
Google Books preview
)

{{DEFAULTSORT:South Wind (Passenger Train)
Named passenger trains of the United States
Passenger trains of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
Passenger trains of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad
Passenger trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad
Passenger trains of the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad
Night trains of the United States
Passenger rail transportation in Illinois
Passenger rail transportation in Kentucky
Passenger rail transportation in Tennessee
Passenger rail transportation in Mississippi
Passenger rail transportation in Alabama
Passenger rail transportation in Georgia (U.S. state)
Passenger rail transportation in Florida
Railway services introduced in 1940
Railway services discontinued in 1971
Former Amtrak routes
Former long distance Amtrak routes