The Solanales are an
order of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s, included in the asterid group of
dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order.
Taxonomy
Under the older
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) ...
, the latter three families were placed elsewhere, and a number of others were included:
* Family
Duckeodendraceae (now treated as a
synonym of Solanaceae)
* Family
Nolanaceae (now treated as a synonym of Solanaceae)
* Family
Cuscutaceae
''Cuscuta'' (), commonly known as dodder or amarbel, is a genus of over 201 species of yellow, orange, or red (rarely green) parasitic plants. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, it now is accepted as belonging in the ...
(now treated as a synonym of Convolvulaceae)
* Family
Retziaceae (now treated as a synonym of
Stilbaceae
''Stilbaceae'' is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales.
Genera include:
*'' Anastrabe'' E. Mey. ex Benth.
*'' Bowkeria'' Harv.
*'' Campylostachys'' Kunth
*'' Charadrophila'' Marloth
*'' Euthystachys'' A. DC.
*'' Halleria'' ...
, order
Lamiales
The order Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 25 families. These families include Acanthaceae, Big ...
)
* Family
Menyanthaceae
Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the order Asterales. There are approximately 60-70 species in six genera distributed worldwide. The simple or compound leaves arise alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submers ...
(now placed in order
Asterales
Asterales () is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of florets, and ten families related to the Asteraceae. While asterids in general are charact ...
)
* Family
Polemoniaceae
The Polemoniaceae (Jacob's-ladder or phlox family) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 25 genera with 270–400 species of annuals and perennials native to the Northern Hemisphere and South America, with the center of diversit ...
(now placed in order
Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, and azalea. The order includes trees, bushes, lia ...
)
* Family
Hydrophyllaceae (now treated as a synonym of
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...
)
In the
classification system of Dahlgren the Solanales were in the
superorder Solaniflorae (also called Solananae).
The following families are included here in newer systems such as that of the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships disc ...
(APG):
* Family
Solanaceae (
nightshade family; includes Nolanaceae as well as
potato
The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae.
Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ...
es,
eggplants,
tomato
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word ...
es,
chilli peppers,
tobacco
Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...
, and
petunia
''Petunia'' is genus of 20 species of flowering plants of South American origin. The popular flower of the same name derived its epithet from the French, which took the word ''petun'', meaning "tobacco," from a Tupi–Guarani language. A tende ...
s.)
* Family
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several spe ...
(
morning glory
Morning glory (also written as morning-glory) is the common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, whose current taxonomy and systematics are in flux. Morning glory species belong to many genera, some of ...
and
sweet potato)
* Family
Montiniaceae
* Family
Sphenocleaceae
''Sphenoclea'' is a genus of succulent erect annual herbs. They occur in damp habitats throughout the tropics.
There are two species, '' S. zeylanica'' and '' S. pongatium''. The genus is placed alone in family Sphenocleaceae. The posi ...
* Family
Hydroleaceae
The APG II classification treats the Solanales in the group
Euasterids I
In the APG IV system (2016) for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group). Asterids is the largest group of flowering plants, with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total floweri ...
.
References
External links
*
Systema Naturae 2000
{{Taxonbar, from=Q21723
Angiosperm orders