Moderate is an
ideological
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones." Formerly applied prim ...
category which designates a rejection of
radical or
extreme views, especially in regard to
politics
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that stud ...
and
religion
Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...
. A moderate is considered someone occupying any mainstream position avoiding extreme views. In
American politics, a moderate is considered someone occupying a
centre position on the
left–right political spectrum
The left–right political spectrum is a system of classifying political positions characteristic of left-right politics, ideologies and parties with emphasis placed upon issues of social equality and social hierarchy. In addition to position ...
.
Political position
Japan
Japan's right-wing
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has traditionally been divided into two main factions: the based on bureaucratic "conservative mainstream" (保守本流) and the hawkish nationalist "conservative anti-mainstream" (保守傍流). Among them, "conservative mainstream" is also considered a moderate wing within the LDP. The LDP's faction ''
Kōchikai
is a leading faction within Japan's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), founded by bureaucrat-turned-politician Ikeda Hayato in 1957. Currently headed by Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida, it has produced five prime ministers (Ikeda, Masayoshi ...
'', is considered a moderate wing. The current LDP has conflicts between
moderate patriotist and
extreme nationalist supporters.
Democratic Socialist Party (DSP) is formed by a group of politicians who splintered off of the
Japan Socialist Party
The was a socialist and progressive political party in Japan that existed from 1945 to 1996. The party was founded as the Social Democratic Party of Japan by members of several proletarian parties that existed before World War II, including ...
(JSP) in 1960. The party advocated a moderate social-democratic politics and supported the
U.S.-Japan Alliance
The is a military alliance between Japan and the United States of America, as codified in the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, which was first signed in 1951, took effect in 1952, and was amended ...
. The party has supported
neoliberalism
Neoliberalism (also neo-liberalism) is a term used to signify the late 20th century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism after it fell into decline following the Second World War. A prominent fa ...
since the 1980s, and was disbanded in 1994.
of the JSP formed the
Democratic Party of Japan
The was a centristThe Democratic Party of Japan was widely described as centrist:
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*
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* to centre-left liberal or social-liberal political party in Japan from 1998 to 2016.
The party's origins lie in the previous Democratic ...
(DPJ) with conservative-liberal
Sakigake
, known before launch as MS-T5, was Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft, and the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the USA or the Soviet Union. It aimed to demonstrate the performance of the new launch vehi ...
and other moderates of the LDP. Most of the DPJ's mainstream factions moved to the
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan
The (CDP or CDPJ) is a social-liberal political party in Japan.
It was founded in October 2017 as a split from the Democratic Party ahead of the 2017 general election. In late 2020, the party was re-founded following a merger with majori ...
(CDP), but the former DPJ's right-wing moved to the
Democratic Party for the People
The , abbreviated to DPP or DPFP, is a centre to centre-right political party in Japan. The party was formed on 7 May 2018 from the merger of the Democratic Party and Kibō no Tō (''Party of Hope'').
In September 2020 a majority of the par ...
after 2019.
United States
In recent years, the term ''political moderates'' has gained traction as a
buzzword. The existence of the ideal moderate is disputed because of a lack of a moderate
political ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones." Formerly applied prim ...
. Voters who describe themselves as centrist often mean that they are moderate in their political views, advocating neither extreme
left-wing
Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...
nor
right-wing politics
Right-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics, author ...
.
Gallup polling indicated that American voters identified as moderate between 35–38% of the time during the 1990s and 2000s.
Voters may identify with moderation for a number of reasons: pragmatic, ideological, or otherwise. It has also been suggested that individuals vote for centrist parties for purely statistical reasons.
See also
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Centrism
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Centre-left politics
Centre-left politics lean to the left on the left–right political spectrum but are closer to the centre than other left-wing politics. Those on the centre-left believe in working within the established systems to improve social justice. The ...
*
Centre-right politics
*
Independent voter
*
Moderate Democrats
New Democrats, also known as centrist Democrats, Clinton Democrats, or moderate Democrats, are a centrist ideological faction within the Democratic Party in the United States. As the Third Way faction of the party, they are seen as cultura ...
*
Moderate nationalism
Moderate nationalism is a moderate version of nationalism. It is less demanding than classical nationalism and has several subtypes such as civic nationalism (also known as liberal nationalism). Moderate nationalism is similar to patriotism, al ...
*
Moderate Party (disambiguation)
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Moderate Republicans (modern United States)
The Republican Party in the United States includes several factions, or wings.
During the 19th century, Republican factions included the Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform; the Radical Republicans, who advocated the immediate and t ...
*
Radical centrism
Radical centrism (also called the radical center, the radical centre or the radical middle) is a concept that arose in Western nations in the late 20th century.
The '' radical'' in the term refers to a willingness on the part of most radical ce ...
*
The Establishment
''The Establishment'' is a term used to describe a dominant group or elite that controls a polity or an organization. It may comprise a closed social group that selects its own members, or entrenched elite structures in specific institution ...
References
Notes
Bibliography
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External links
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Centrism
Political terminology
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