Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory Brief, abbreviated as (SPAI-B), is a Spanish version of the
Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not.
Etymology
The word "social" derives from ...
. It evaluates the same psychological factors as SPAI related to cognition, behavior and somatic symptoms usually exhibited by persons with social anxiety. Although the
psychometrics
Psychometrics is a field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement. Psychometrics generally refers to specialized fields within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and ...
have been found to be sound, its utility as a
screening
Screening may refer to:
* Screening cultures, a type a medical test that is done to find an infection
* Screening (economics), a strategy of combating adverse selection (includes sorting resumes to select employees)
* Screening (environmental), ...
measure is limited by its length. As an attempt to resolve this situation,
Deborah Beidel
Deborah C. Beidel is a psychologist affiliated with the University of Central Florida. She received a PhD in clinical psychology in 1986 from the University of Pittsburgh. She subsequently completed a postdoctoral fellowship in clinical research at ...
from University of Central Florida (US), along with an international team led by Dr. Garcia-Lopez at the University of Jaen (Spain) developed this form in 2008.
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Scoring
The SPAI-B consists of 16 items that are answered with a
Likert scale
A Likert scale ( , commonly mispronounced as ) is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs questionnaires. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term (or more fully the ...
of 5 points (instead of 7, as in the original form). While the original SPAI may be especially useful in providing clinical information for a wide range of social situations, it is time-consuming. Alternatively, the SPAI-B appeared to be especially valuable as a screening tool and easily administered in both clinical and community settings. The SPAI-B is composed of 16 items, half the length of the original subscale (32 items) and almost two-thirds the length of the original scale (45 items). Reduction in the time required to administer the inventory is also significant (approximately, 5 vs. 30 minutes). Psychometric properties in Portuguese and Spanish adolescents and young adults taking either a paper-and-pencil or an
online
In computer technology and telecommunications, online indicates a state of connectivity and offline indicates a disconnected state. In modern terminology, this usually refers to an Internet connection, but (especially when expressed "on line" ...
survey have been reported.
Recently, another brief version of the SPAI has been developed for adults. Beidel, along with a team from the University of Amsterdam (The Netherlands) have developed the SPAI-18. Data from an in-press paper reveals that the SPAI-18 is a psychometrically sound instrument with good screening capacity for social anxiety disorder in clinical as well as community samples. This scale has fewer items than the one developed by Beidel and her team in 2007 to tap social anxiety in adults, named as SPAI-23.
The sum of the scores is up to 90 points, but 16 points must be discounted (as minimum score is 16). In adolescents, a rounded cut-off score of 25 was set up. In young adults, research supports a rounded cut-off point of 23 for the
DSM-5
The ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition'' (DSM-5), is the 2013 update to the '' Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatri ...
specific subtype of performance or public speaking and 24 for overall social anxiety. The generalized specifier for
social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some aspects o ...
(formerly, social phobia) changed in favor of a performance-only (i.e., public-speaking or performance) specifier in
DSM-5
The ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition'' (DSM-5), is the 2013 update to the '' Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatri ...
.
["Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5". American Psychiatric Association. May 17, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2013.]
See also
*
Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems enginee ...
*
Screening (medicine)
Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used to look for as-yet-unrecognised conditions or risk markers. This testing can be applied to individuals or to a whole population. The people tested may not exhibit any signs or symptoms of a disease, or t ...
*
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some aspects o ...
References
{{Reflist
Anxiety screening and assessment tools