''Sobemovirus'' is a genus of

viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's ...

. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 20 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mosaics and mottles.

Structure

Viruses in ''Sobemovirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm.

Genome

The

genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding g ...

is a single piece of linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, 4,100–5,700

nucleotides Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules with ...

in length.Index of Viruses—Sobemovirus (2006). In: ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. The genome encodes five open reading frames: ORF1, ORFs 2a and 2b, ORF3 and ORFx. ORF1 encodes P1 which plays a role in suppression of silencing and virus movement. ORFs 2a and 2b encode the replicational polyproteins P2a and P2ab. Translation of ORF2a from the genomic RNA is dependent on a leaky scanning mechanism. ORF3 encodes the coat protein. ORFx is conserved in all sobemoviruses. It overlaps the 5' end of ORF2a in the +2 reading frame and also extends some distance upstream of ORF2a. It lacks an AUG initiation codon and its expression is predicted to depend on low level initiation at near-cognate non-AUG codons, such as CUG, by a proportion of the ribosomes that are scanning the region between the ORF1 and ORF2a initiation codons. Its function is unknown but it appears to be essential for infection.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and -1 ribosomal frameshifting. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (CFMV: insects). Transmission routes are vector and seed borne.

Taxonomy

The genus includes the following species: *'' Artemisia virus A'' *''

Blueberry shoestring virus ''Blueberry shoestring virus'' (BBSSV) is a disease-causing virus that is commonly transmitted by the aphid vector, '' Illinoia pepperi''.Morimoto, K.M., D.C. Ramsdell, J.M. Gillett, and W.G. Chaney. 1985. Acquisition and transmission of blueberr ...

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Cocksfoot mottle virus Cocksfoot mottle virus (CfMV) is a pathogenic plant virus belonging to the genus ''Sobemovirus''. The virus appears in southern and central England. It is transmitted by beetles '' Lema melanopa'' and ''Lema lichenis'' and is common in crops of ...

'' *'' Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus'' *'' Imperata yellow mottle virus'' *''

Lucerne transient streak virus Lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV) is a pathogenic plant virus Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate ...

'' *'' Papaya lethal yellowing virus'' *'' Physalis rugose mosaic virus'' *''

Rice yellow mottle virus Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is a plant pathogenic virus, belonging to the genus Sobemovirus. The genome is a positive-sense single strand RNA of 4450 nucleotides in length and is not polyadenylated. It was first reported in Kenya in 1966 i ...

'' *'' Rottboellia yellow mottle virus'' *'' Ryegrass mottle virus'' *''

Sesbania mosaic virus ''Sesbania'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus found in tribe Sesbanieae. Riverhemp is a common name for plants in this genus. Notable species include the rattlebox (''Sesbania punicea''), spiny sesba ...

'' *'' Solanum nodiflorum mottle virus'' *'' Southern bean mosaic virus'' *''

Southern cowpea mosaic virus Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, ...

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Sowbane mosaic virus ''Sowbane mosaic virus'' (SoMV) is a pathogenic plant virus Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate withou ...

'' *''

Soybean yellow common mosaic virus The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and ...

'' *''

Subterranean clover mottle virus Subterranean(s) or The Subterranean(s) may refer to: * Subterranea (geography), underground structures, both natural and man-made Literature * ''Subterranean'' (novel), a 1998 novel by James Rollins * '' Subterranean Magazine'', an American f ...

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Turnip rosette virus The turnip or white turnip (''Brassica rapa'' subsp. ''rapa'') is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. The word ''turnip'' is a compound of ''turn'' as in turned/rounded on a lathe and '' ...

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Velvet tobacco mottle virus Weave details visible on a purple-colored velvet fabric Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are evenly distributed, with a short pile, giving it a distinctive soft feel. By extension, the word ''velvety'' means ...

References

External links

Viralzone: Sobemovirus

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7549930 Sobemoviruses Virus genera