Siparunaceae is a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the
magnoliid
Magnoliids (or Magnoliidae or Magnolianae) are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of ang ...
order Laurales
The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales.
The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical an ...
. It consists of two
genera of
woody plant
A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue and thus has a hard stem. In cold climates, woody plants further survive winter or dry season above ground, as opposite to herbaceous plants that die back to the ground until sp ...
s, with
essential oils: ''
Glossocalyx'' in
West Africa
West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, M ...
and ''
Siparuna'' in the
neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bioge ...
. ''Glossocalyx'' is
monospecific
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...
(''
Glossocalyx longicuspis'') and ''Siparuna'' has about 74 known species.
Until the 1990s, most
taxonomist
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are give ...
s placed ''Glossocalyx'' and ''Siparuna'' in the family
Monimiaceae
The Monimiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the magnoliid order Laurales.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Monimiaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Botanical Databases At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links' ...
. The
monograph of Monimiaceae by
William R. Philipson in 1993 was the last major work to do so. In the 1990s,
molecular phylogenetic studies of
DNA sequences showed that Monimiaceae, as then
circumscribed, was
paraphyletic. When the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships disc ...
published their
APG system
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved A ...
in 1998, the
old Monimiaceae was divided into three separate families: Siparunaceae,
Atherospermataceae, and Monimiaceae
sensu stricto. This
classification remained unchanged in the
APG III system of 2009 and the
APG IV system
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published ...
of 2016.
The families Siparunaceae,
Gomortegaceae, and Atherospermataceae form one of the three major
clades that constitute the order Laurales. Siparunaceae is
sister
A sister is a woman or a girl who shares one or more parents with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a family, familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to r ...
to the clade composed of Gomortegaceae and Atherospermataceae.
In 1898,
Janet Russell Perkins began a series of
articles on Monimiaceae, but only two were ever completed. The second of these was mis-titled as part III on its first page (compare to table of contents therein) and covers the genus ''
Siparuna''.
References
External links
Distribution Map
botanical databasesAbout Science & ConservationMissouri Botanical Garden
page 660Table of Contents (Inhalt)issue (heft) 5View BookBot. Jahrb. Syst. vol. 28 from Missouri Botanical GardenBTitlesBHL
Key (page 12)''Siparuna'' (page 80)MonimiaceaeView Book''Das Pflanzenreich''DTitlesBiodiversity Heritage Library
An online key to all species of Siparunaceae and Monimiaceae occurring in Ecuador, with descriptions, specimen citations, geographic information, and illustrations of all species.
links at CSDL, Texas
{{Taxonbar, from=Q132024
Magnoliid families