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The China-DPRK Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, or The Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty is a treaty signed on 11 July 1961 between
Full text of the treaty in English
{{Korean War 1961 in China 1961 in North Korea Bilateral treaties of China China–North Korea relations Cold War alliances and military strategy Cold War treaties Military alliances involving China Military alliances involving North Korea Treaties concluded in 1961 Treaties entered into force in 1961 Treaties of the People's Republic of China
The China-DPRK Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, or The Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty is a treaty signed on 11 July 1961 between North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...
and China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. The treaty is currently the only defense treaty either China or North Korea have with any nation.
Background
After the 1961May 16 Coup
The May 16 military coup d'état () was a military coup d'état in South Korea in 1961, organized and carried out by Park Chung-hee and his allies who formed the Military Revolutionary Committee, nominally led by Army Chief of Staff Chang Do ...
, the new South Korean leader Park Chung-hee
Park Chung-hee (, ; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and army general who served as the dictator of South Korea from 1961 until his assassination in 1979; ruling as an unelected military strongman from 1961 ...
urged for an increase in military spending and for action to be taken against North Korea. The North Korean leadership feared a South Korean invasion and turned to the Soviet Union and China for support.
Signing
The treaty was signed inBeijing
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Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
and came into effect on 10 September of the same year. Premier of the People's Republic of China
The premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, commonly called the premier of China and sometimes also referred to as the prime minister, is the head of government of China and leader of the State Council. The premier is ...
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman and military officer who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, premier of the People's Republic of China from 1 October 1949 until his death on 8 J ...
and Prime Minister of North Korea
The Premier of the Cabinet () is the head of government of North Korea and a key adviser to the Supreme Leader of North Korea. The office is also alternatively known as Prime Minister of North Korea. The prime minister of North Korea is the ...
Kim Il-sung
Kim Il-sung (; , ; born Kim Song-ju, ; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was a North Korean politician and the founder of North Korea, which he ruled from the country's establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of ...
signed for their respective countries. The treaty generally promoted peaceful cooperation in the areas of culture, economics, technology and other social benefits between the two nations. Specifically, Article 2 of the treaty declares the two nations undertake all necessary measures to oppose any country or coalition of countries that might attack either nation.Harrison, Selig S. 003 003, O03, 0O3, OO3 may refer to:
*003, fictional British 00 Agent
*003, former emergency telephone number for the Norwegian ambulance service (until 1986)
*1990 OO3, the asteroid 6131 Towen
* OO3 gauge model railway
*''O03 (O2)'' and other related ...
(2003). Korean endgame: a strategy for reunification and U.S. disengagement. p 322.
In accordance with the Article 7, the Treaty remains in force unless agreement is reached on its amendment or termination.
Kim Il-sung arrived in Beijing
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Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
in 1961 to sign the treaty just a few days after signing the ''North Korean-Soviet Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty'' (). The Soviet treaty however has not been in effect since the 1990s with only a revised "consultation" treaty being re-adopted in 1999.
See also
*Sino-Soviet relations from 1969–1991
Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union underwent a sea change from 1969 to 1991, from open conflict to bitter détente to diplomatic partners by 1989. Relations between the Soviet Union (USSR) and Communist Party of ...
*China–North Korea relations
The bilateral relations between People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) (, ko, 조중 관계, translit=Chojung Kwangye) have been generally friendly, although they were sometimes strained in recent y ...
*Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance ( Russian: Советско-китайский договор о дружбе, союзе и взаимной помощи, ), or Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance fo ...
References
External links
Full text of the treaty in English
{{Korean War 1961 in China 1961 in North Korea Bilateral treaties of China China–North Korea relations Cold War alliances and military strategy Cold War treaties Military alliances involving China Military alliances involving North Korea Treaties concluded in 1961 Treaties entered into force in 1961 Treaties of the People's Republic of China