Sino-Nepal Friendship Bridge
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The Sino-Nepal Friendship Bridge (; ne, मितेरी पुल, ast=''Miterī Pula'') is a bridge spanning the
Sun Kosi The Sunkoshi, also spelt Sunkosi, is a river of Nepal that is part of the Koshi or Saptkoshi River system in Nepal. Sunkoshi has two source streams, one that arises within Nepal in Choukati, and the other more significant stream that flows in fr ...
river, linking
Kodari Kodari is a small village located at the border with Tibet-China. The village is located at the end–point of the Arniko Highway, which connects Kodari with the capital city of Kathmandu. Kathmandu is away from Kodari. Kodari is a major border c ...
in
Sindhulpalchok District Sindhupalchowk District ( ne, सिन्धुपाल्चोक जिल्ला ) is a part of Bagmati Province and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, with an area of . The district's headquarters is in Chautara. In 2006, 336 ...
,
Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...
and
Zhangmu Zhangmu (also from Tibetan as Dram or Zham, from Nepali as Khasa) is a customs town and port of entry located in Nyalam County on the Nepal-China border, just uphill and across the Bhote Koshi River from the Nepalese town of Kodari. At above se ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.


Description

Opened in 1964, the bridge was the only official border crossing between the two states until the 2010s. Depending on the source, it is 1760 m, 1800 m or 2100 m above sea level. The reinforced concrete arch bridge with a prestressed concrete deck girder on top was around 8 m wide and 45 m long. It was badly damaged in the April 25, 2015 earthquake and had to be demolished. The 2015 quakes closed the route and turned the border trading towns into ghost villages. In 2016, there was some repairs on the route, but trading had not been restored to previous levels. First it was replaced by a temporary bridge. Chinese companies then built a new, reportedly 110m long and significantly wider, twin-pier reinforced concrete girder bridge alongside it, which opened in June 2019.


Transport connection

From the bridge on the Nepalese side,
Kodari Kodari is a small village located at the border with Tibet-China. The village is located at the end–point of the Arniko Highway, which connects Kodari with the capital city of Kathmandu. Kathmandu is away from Kodari. Kodari is a major border c ...
in
Sindhulpalchok District Sindhupalchowk District ( ne, सिन्धुपाल्चोक जिल्ला ) is a part of Bagmati Province and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, with an area of . The district's headquarters is in Chautara. In 2006, 336 ...
, the road bridge is connected to the
Araniko Highway The Araniko Highway () connects Kathmandu with Kodari, northeast of the Kathmandu Valley, on the Nepal-China border. It is among the most dangerous of highways in Nepal due to extremely steep slopes on each side of the road from Barabise onwa ...
, named after the famous architect Arniko, which leads to the capital, Kathmandu. On the Chinese side, the structure is also the end point of the Nepal-China Friendship Highway. This is part of National Road 318 and leads via Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, to Shanghai.


Economic significance

The governments of both states have established a zone with legal and administrative facilitation for the entry and exchange of goods for the population living there within a radius of 30 kilometers from the bridge. There is no visa requirement for this group of people. In addition, no customs duty is payable for a large number of goods manufactured in Nepal, especially for agricultural and handicraft products. From this, lively economic activity has developed in the vicinity of the bridge. Tibetan traders sell wool, salt, tea and popular Tibetan medicinal products. However, trade in goods of all kinds manufactured in other parts of China dominates. The goods arriving on trucks are usually unloaded in Zhangmu, the town closest to the bridge on the Chinese side, taken over the bridge and loaded onto trucks from the destination country. This complex procedure is carried out for customs and other administrative reasons, and it is also due to the change in the side of the road (left-hand and right-hand traffic). In order to improve the sometimes chaotic processes on the Nepalese side, a new truck depot is being built with Chinese help near the town of Kodari. Some of the goods are also offered for sale in the village itself. Many Tibetans rent the ground floor of their house to traders from other Chinese regions. Around 500 Nepalese cross the Friendship Bridge every day to sell their products or buy Chinese goods for their own use or for resale in their home country. In the opposite direction, around 250 Chinese cross the bridge every day. Nepalese women carry the suitcases of package tourists entering China across the Sino-Nepalese Friendship Bridge. In addition, numerous tourists cross the bridge, including mountaineers who want to climb Mount Everest from the Chinese side. Package tourists arriving from Kathmandu usually have to exit the bus in Nepal and walk across the bridge to continue with a Chinese company.


References

Bridges in Tibet Bridges in Nepal China–Nepal border crossings International bridges Bridges completed in 1964 Chinese foreign aid {{Nepal-transport-stub