Silva compass

Silva Sweden AB is an outdoors products company, most known for their high-grade compasses and other navigational equipment including GPS tools, mapping software, and altimeters for aircraft. They also offer a marine range. The company's founders - Gunnar Tillander, Alvar Kjellström, Alvid Kjellström, and Björn Kjellström - invented the hugely popular orienteering or protractor compass used around the world for outdoors navigation.

Silva Sweden AB is a company created and based in Sweden that exports worldwide, and operates in numerous countries. They have marketing companies in Stockholm, Sweden, Mantes-la-Ville, France, Friedrichsdorf, Germany, and Livingston, Scotland. Silva compasses are produced by the HANZA Group's facilities in Suzhou, China.
SILVA slutar med egen tillverkning och väljer HANZA som ny tillverkningspartner
' myNEWSdesk, 15 March 2018, retrieved 31 May 2019Svensk Verstad Industri,
HANZA vald tilltillverkningspartner av marknadsledande Silva
', 15 March 2018, retrieved 31 May 2019

History

Silva Sweden AB created their first compass in 1928, and established their company in 1933.

Below is a Chronological timeline of important dates in the history of Silva Sweden AB:

* 1928 Gunnar Tillander invents the first ''orienteering'' (baseplate) compass.Kjellström, Björn, ''19th Hole: The Readers Take Over: Orienteering'', Sports Illustrated, 3 March 1969Silva Sweden AB, ''Silva Sweden AB and Silva Production AB Become One Company: History'', Press Release 28 April 2000
* 1932 The Silva Company is established in December 1932 by Tillander, Alvar Kjellström, Alvid Kjellström, and Björn Kjellström. The company introduces its first baseplate compass with a liquid-damped capsule.
* 1938 First Silva marine compass introduced with liquid damping.
* 1939 Silva ''Armékompass Model 1939'' first Silva compass with mirror-sight introduced, with liquid-damped capsule.
* 1946 Björn Kjellström begins U.S. Silva operations as The Silva Company (later Silva, Inc.). Compass assembly factory established in La Porte, Indiana to manufacture induction-damped (dry capsule) compasses for the North American market. La Porte IN Silva Orienteering Services established to support the sport of orienteering in North America.
* 1948 Kjellström founds Silva's Canadian distributor operations in Toronto, Canada as Silva Ltd.
* 1950 Silva ''The Ranger'' orienteering sighting compass introduced to North America featuring a mirror sighting system and liquid-damped needle.
* 1958 Silva Production AB expands with new plastics manufacturing operations
* 1960 Silva Production AB expands with new tooling and manufacturing operations. Silva introduces its first wrist compass, featuring a mechanical needle dampener.
* 1964 Silva ''Ranger Type 15'' deluxe compass introduced with optional adjustable declination, clinometer, and quadrant scale
* 1973 New manufacturing plant, Instrumentverken in Sollentuna. Johnson Wax Associates (JWA) acquires Silva, Inc. (Silva USA).
* 1980 JWA moves its corporate headquarters to Binghamton, New York, closing the Silva USA compass factory in La Porte, Indiana. Type 50 Hand Bearing compass introduced for small boat owners.
* 1981 Silva Production AB launches its first electronic instrument design
* 1981 Acquisition of different lines of sporting goods for Swedish sport market by Silva Production AB.
* 1982 Production of first electronic instruments by Silva Production AB.
* 1985 Johnson Worldwide Associates (JWA) purchases Silva Ltd. of Canada.
* 1986 Enlargement of Silva Production AB manufacturing plant in Sollentuna.
* 1989 Launching of largest investment program ever for The Silva Group. Market - production - research & development.
* 1990 Inauguration new premises Silva France. 25 million compasses produced. Acquisition of precision instrument producer Sisteco of Finland
* 1992 Silva Group introduces a GPS receiver with an integrated digital compass
* 1995 Björn Kjellström dies. The Silva factory in Haninge is reinaugurated.
* 1996 Silva Production AB acquires Brunton, Inc. and terminates its compass distribution agreement with Silva USA/JWA. Type 25 Ranger Pro compass introduced.Sykes, Lisa (ed.), ''Geographical Magazine''. UK: Campion Interactive Pub. Limited, Volume 68 (1996), p. 20
* 1997 JWA (later Johnson Outdoors, Inc.) files suit to retain exclusive rights to the ''Silva'' brand name in North America.
* 1998 Pursuant to a settlement agreement with JWA, Silva Production AB of Sweden agrees not to market compasses under the ''Silva'' brand in the USA and Canada. Silva of Sweden AB signs agreement with Brunton, Inc. to distribute its original Silva Swedish-made compasses under the ''Brunton'' and ''Nexus'' labels in North America. In turn, Brunton-designed compasses such as the Brunton ''9020'', ''8040'', and ''Eclipse'' and sourced from the U.S. and China are labeled with the ''Silva'' or ''Silva Voyager'' brand for sale in areas outside North America.
* 2000 Silva introduces the ''Silva Multi-Navigator'' a combined GPS, electronic compass, and barometric altimeter, sold as the ''Brunton MNS'' in North America.Ylönen, Raimo, ''Silva Multi-Navigator: Back To The City'', Tekniikan Maailma Issue 18/2000, 8 November 2000, pp. 60-64
* 2004 Silva opens a production facility in mainland China for production of some Silva compass models.Allonen, Heikki, ''Fiskars Acquires Swedish Silva Group'', Stock Exchange Press Release, Fiskars Corporation, 30 June 2006
* 2005 Haninge, Sweden production facility closes.
* 2006 Fiskars AB acquires Silva Production AB Group of SwedenFiskars Corp.,
Fiskars Acquires Swedish Silva Group
', Press Release, 30 June 2006
* 2009 Fiskars sells Brunton Inc. to Fenix Outdoor AB of Sweden. Silva of Sweden stops exporting its compasses and GPS devices to North America under the ''Nexus'' and ''Brunton'' brands, and halts further imports of Brunton products to Europe under the ''Silva'' name.
* 2011 Fiskars sells Silva Sweden AB to Karnell, a Swedish investment firm.Fiskars Corp.,
Fiskars sells Silva to Karnell
' Fiskars Corp. Company Announcement, 8 July 2011, retrieved 3 June 2019 Silva ceases all compass production in Sweden.
* 2016 After expiration of the Recta AG/ Suunto Oy ''Turbo-20'' global needle patent, Silva Sweden AB introduces its first global needle compasses.
* 2018 Silva Sweden AB reacquires North American distribution rights to the Silva brand from Johnson Outdoors. Silva outsources all compass production to the HANZA Group's factory in Suzhou, China

North American trademark dispute

After the founding of Silva USA in 1946 and Silva Ltd. in Canada two years later, both affiliates were later acquired by Johnson Wax Associates, later Johnson Camping, Inc., and by 1985, Johnson Worldwide Associates (JWA). From 1980, JWA had imported Swedish-made compasses manufactured by Silva Production AB for sale in North America.

In 1996, a decision by Silva Production AB to end sole distribution of its Swedish-made ''Silva''-brand compasses by Silva USA led to a court battle the following year between JWA and Silva Production AB (Silva Sweden AB).

In 1998, JWA and Silva Production AB of Sweden reached a settlement whereby JWA retained the exclusive right to sell compasses under its ''Silva'' trademark in North America, made by unnamed manufacturers. JWA also retained the North American rights to some product names such as ''Ranger'', ''Polaris'', ''1, 2, 3'' and others commonly used and recognized in the U.S. and Canadian markets and made popular during the time Silva Production AB was manufacturing Swedish-made ''Silva'' compasses for JWA in North America. JWA was eventually renamed Johnson Outdoors, Inc.

For its part, Silva Production AB/Silva Group retained the right to manufacture and sell compasses, GPS tools, and other navigational products under its ''Silva'' trademark outside the United States and Canada, as well as market its Swedish-made compasses and GPS tools in North America under the ''Brunton'', ''Elite'', and ''Nexus'' brands. The Swedish firm also retained the right to state on ''Nexus'' packaging and in the ''Nexus'' catalog that ''Nexus'' compasses were made by Silva Production AB, but did not retain the right to advertise this fact. In 2006, the Fiskars Corp acquired the Silva Group, which included Brunton.

In 2009 Fiskars sold Brunton Inc. to Fenix Outdoor AB of Sweden, and in consequence, Silva Production AB stopped exporting Silva of Sweden compasses to North America under the ''Brunton'' and ''Nexus'' brands, and halted further imports of Brunton products to markets outside North America under the Silva brand. From 1998-2018, Silva of Sweden AB could not distribute its compass products to the USA or Canadian markets.

In 2018, Silva Sweden AB reacquired the U.S. and Canada distribution rights to the Silva brand from Johnson Outdoors.

Current activity

In 2006, Silva was acquired by the Finnish Fiskars Group. Silva Sweden AB retained its own corporate identity as an outdoor products manufacturer within Fiskars under its Gerber Legendary Blades Division.

In 2009, Fiskars sold Brunton Inc. to a Swedish company, Fenix Outdoor AB. After divestiture, Brunton closed out its ''Nexus'' and ''Elite'' compass lines and discontinued the ''Brunton 54LU'' compass, all of which were relabeled Silva of Sweden products, and discontinued imports of the ''Silva Multi-Navigator'' GPS sold in North America as the ''Brunton MNS''. These actions left Silva of Sweden without a North American distributor for its Swedish-made compasses and GPS tools. Fiskars sold Silva of Sweden to Karnell AB in 2011.

In 2018, Silva Sweden AB reacquired the North American distribution rights to the Silva brand from Johnson Outdoors. In March 2018, Silva Sweden AB announced it would outsource all compass production from its factory in China to the HANZA Group's production facilities in Suzhou, China

Today, the ''Silva Group'' consists of the parent company, now called Silva Sweden AB, together with its subsidiaries ''Silva Ltd.'' in the United Kingdom, ''Silva France'', ''Silva Deutschland'', and ''Silva Far East''. The core activities of the Silva Group consist of design, development, manufacture of compasses for land and sea and sales of compasses, GPS and outdoor instruments, headlamps, binoculars and other electronic navigation equipment.

Silva range

Compasses

Silva of Sweden AB has manufactured a wide variety of portable compasses for recreational, hiking, scientific, and marine uses over the years, including simple protractor or baseplate compasses like the ''Field'', ''Expedition 3'' (formerly the ''Ranger 3''), and ''Expedition 4'' to more sophisticated sighting compasses such as the ''Expedition Model 54'' and the Silva ''SightMaster'' line of surveying compasses.

Silva's ''Expedition 15T'', ''Expedition TDCL'', and ''Expedition S'' are modernized versions of the original Type 15 ''Silva Ranger'', itself a development of the ''Model 1939'' that incorporated a liquid-damped capsule with a sighting mirror that doubled as a protective cover. In the mid-1990s, Silva introduced the Model 25TDCL and TDCLE ''Ranger'' compass, rebranded for North American sale as the (Brunton) Nexus 225 or 25TDCL/TDCLE Pro Elite. The 25TDCL and 25TDCLE Pro Elite or Nexus Type 225 remains, technologically speaking, the high-water mark of the Silva Ranger compass design; Silva of Sweden never made a more advanced or better-equipped Ranger, and has since discontinued the Type 25/Type 225 entirely.

In keeping with its origins as orienteering compass manufacturers, Silva also offers its Orienteering Series of ''Jet'', ''Spectra'', and ''Race'' models optimized for orienteering and adventure racing competition.

Silva has a long history of supplying variants of their general-use compasses to various military forces of the world, including the defence forces of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden.Ministry of Defence, ''Manual of Map Reading and Land Navigation'', HMSO Army Code 70947 (1988), , ch. 12, sec. 39, p. 4 These include the Silva ''Expedition 3 Military'', ''Expedition 4 Military'', ''Expedition 4B Military'', ''Expedition 15T'', ''Expedition 15TDCL'', and ''Expedition 54 Military'' NATO compasses with dials in both mils and degrees and optional tritium lighting (all standard models have luminous lighting; models with a 'B' (beta) suffix are fitted with self-illuminating tritium capsules).

Current compass models

At the HANZA group production facility in mainland China, Silva of Sweden AB manufactures a wide variety of portable compasses for recreational, hiking, scientific, and marine uses, including the ''Ranger'', ''Ranger S'', ''Expedition'', and ''3NL-0360'' models. There are also 'global' needle versions suitable for use in all magnetic zones of the world.

GPS

In 2000, Silva introduced the Silva ''Multi-Navigator'' navigation tool, which combined a GPS receiver with an electronic compass, barometer, and altimeter. The ''Multi-Navigator'' was sold in North America under the Brunton brand as the ''Brunton MNS''. The ''Multi-Navigator'' was followed in 2004 by the ''Silva Atlas'' navigation tool which featured a greyscale map display. Both the ''Multi-Navigator'' and the ''Atlas'' failed to capture a significant portion of the highly competitive GPS market, and were withdrawn from the market in 2009.

Other instruments

Besides compasses and GPS tools, Silva manufactures several other types of outdoor gear and navigational equipment, including weather/altimeter/temperature/wind meters, headlamps, binoculars, and orienteering accessories.

See also

* Brunton, Inc.
* Navigation
* Johnson Outdoors, Inc./Silva USA
* Suunto

References

{{reflist

External links

Silva Sweden

Manufacturing companies based in Stockholm
Navigational equipment
Swedish brands
Fiskars