A short shipment describes the absence, non-delivery, or incomplete fulfillment of cargo on a

shipping list Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been exte ...

. Conversely, an over shipment describes a surplus of cargo. Short shipment and over shipment can occur for a number of reasons and can refer to an actual incorrect

shipment Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been exte ...

or to a report by the recipient that disputes shipping records.

Causes

Over shipment and short shipment are caused when the incorrect quantity is shipped or the incorrect quantity of shipments is listed. Short shipment can also be reported by the recipient if a received quantity does not match the stated shipment quantity, usually due to loss or theft. Over shipment, however, is unlikely to occur due to changes in transit, unless spurious items enter the cargo or the shipping list is damaged/altered in transit.

Problems

Short shipments and over shipments often cause

accounting Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entity, economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activit ...

problems due to mismatching paperwork, requiring manual correction. False short shipment reports can be used to commit

fraud In law, fraud is intent (law), intentional deception to deprive a victim of a legal right or to gain from a victim unlawfully or unfairly. Fraud can violate Civil law (common law), civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrato ...

by reporting received items as missing. Attempts to prevent detection of such practice generally require keeping

two sets of books The concept of "two sets of books" refers to the practice of keeping two sets of accounting ledgers ("books"). In colloquial terms, this practice may refer to fraudulent behavior, i.e. attempting to hide or disguise financial transactions from out ...

, that is, filing two inconsistent sets of paperwork.''Corporate Fraud Handbook: Prevention and Detection,'' by Joseph T. Wells
p. 278
/ref>

Solutions

When a short shipment or over shipment is noticed − most often by the recipient, although occasionally by the sender in the case of an error noticed post-shipment − the other party should be informed promptly, so corrective action can be taken. Such action could include supplemental shipments in the case of short shipments, returning merchandise in the case of over shipments, and issuing corrected invoices if the actual quantity is acceptable. Furthermore, one might carry out an investigation into the cause of the error to ensure that fraud or theft is not occurring through incorrect reporting or other means.

References

Business terms Freight transport {{logistics-stub