Shaytan-Tau Nature Reserve (russian: Шайтан-Тау заповедник) (from the Turkic "Devils Mountain") is a Russian '

zapovednik Zapovednik (russian: заповедник, plural , from the Russian , 'sacred, prohibited from disturbance, committed o protect committed o heritage; ) is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which ...

' (strict nature reserve) located along the Shaytantau ridge of the

Southern Urals Southern Ural - the south, the widest part of the Ural Mountains, stretches from the river Ufa (near the village of Lower Ufaley) to the Ural River. From the west and east the Southern Ural is limited to the East European, West Siberian Plain and ...

. The ridge contains limestone reefs which are of Cambrian age, almost 500 million years old. The main purpose of the reserve is to conserve representative Dubravnaya steppe and low-lying bog habitats of relict and endemic species of plants and animals. The area is the youngest (and smallest) federal reserve in the Urals, being set aside for protection on October 9, 2014. It is separated into four sectors, situated in both the Kuvandyksky District of Orenburg Oblast, and in

Bashkortostan The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkortostan ( ba, Башҡортостан Республикаһы, Bashqortostan Respublikahy; russian: Республика Башкортостан, Respublika Bashkortostan),; russian: Респу́блик� ...

. It is about 220 km from the regional city of Orenburg.

Topography

The Shaytan-Tau Reserve is located in low valleys of the right bank of the

Sakmara River The Sakmara (russian: Сакмара; ba, Һаҡмар, Haqmar) is a river in Russia that drains the southern tip of the Ural Mountains south into the river Ural. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . It is a right tributary of the Ural, whic ...

and Kurasha River in Southern Urals. The Shaytantau ridge is in fact the most southern spur of the Urals. The terrain that is mostly forest-steppe. There are mountain streams, but by the mid-summer many of them are dry. The highest altitude is on top of the Karasura plateau at the headwaters of the Kurasha River. The lowest point 207 meters in the river valleys. The ridge features rocks of Silurian and Devonian periods (jasper, siliceous shale, tuffaceous sandstones, conglomerates, serpentinite, and others.) The limestone outcrops contain fossils of marine invertebrates and algae. KurashaRiver2

Climate and ecoregion

Shatan-Tau is located in the ''

Pontic–Caspian steppe The Pontic–Caspian steppe, formed by the Caspian steppe and the Pontic steppe, is the steppeland stretching from the northern shores of the Black Sea (the Pontus Euxinus of antiquity) to the northern area around the Caspian Sea. It extend ...

'' ecoregion. The Pontic steppe (name after Euxeinos Pontos, the Black Sea), is a grassland that stretches from eastern Romania to Kazakhstan, across the northern edges of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. It is an expansive prairie that is relatively flat and has fertile soil. The climate of Shatan-Tau is '' Humid continental climate, warm summer'' (

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...

(Dfb)). This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters.

Flora and fauna

The plant communities of Shaytan-Tau are a those of the meeting zone between the Eastern European deciduous oak and linden forests, and mixed-grass meadows and rocky steppes. The animal life of the reserve is similarly a combination of taiga animal species (brown bear, elk, wild boar, marten, lynx, squirrels, badgers, etc.), and steppe species (such as marmot, ground squirrel, and pika). Representative birds include the peregrine falcon, osprey, and golden eagle. Scientists on the reserve have recorded 40 species of mammals, 101 birds, 6 reptiles, and 6 amphibians.

Ecoeducation and access

As a strict nature reserve, the Shaytan-Tau Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. Public groups may be able to arrange for a guided tour on an 'ecotourist route', but permits must be obtained in advance. Shaytan-Tau is jointly administered, along with the Orenburg Nature Reserve by FGBU Orenburg Zapovednik. There is a staff of over 40 scientists, rangers, educators, and administrators. The main office is in the city of Orenburg.

References

External links