Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Mas'ud ibn Khalaf ibn Mihraban (died March/April 1255) was the first

Mihrabanid The Mihrabanid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled Sistan (or Nimruz) from 1236 until the mid-16th century. It was the third indigenous Muslim dynasty of Sistan, having been preceded by the Saffarid and Nasrid dynasties. Overview Most of wh ...

Malik of

Sistan Sistān ( fa, سیستان), known in ancient times as Sakastān ( fa, سَكاستان, "the land of the Saka"), is a historical and geographical region in present-day Eastern Iran ( Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and Southern Afghanistan ( ...

. He ruled from 1236 until his death.

Biography

Shams al-Din likely came from one of the eminent families of Sistan.Bosworth, p. 429 In mid-1236 he was hailed as malik by the people of Sistan, a year after the

Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...

had captured the capital city of Shahr-i Sistan. After rebuilding fortresses that had been destroyed by the Mongols and establishing his authority over the outer towns of the province, he left his brother Mubaraz al-Din Abu'l-Fath in charge of Sistan and traveled to the ordo of

Ögedei Khan Ögedei Khagan (also Ogodei;, Mongolian: ''Ögedei'', ''Ögüdei''; – 11 December 1241) was second khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire. The third son of Genghis Khan, he continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun. ...

. There Shams al-Din was confirmed as the khan's vassal; he was obliged to pay Mongol taxes and to destroy a stronghold in the district of Farah. In 1253 the town of Nih in western Sistan was besieged by the Mongol commander

Neguder Negudar (Nikudar, Neguder) was a Mongol general under Berke, and a Golden Horde Noyan. With many other Golden Horde generals, he embraced Islam in the late 13th century. He subsequently took the Muslim name of Ahmad Khan. Before the conflicts be ...

. Shams al-Din led an army in support of Nih and forced Negüder to negotiate for peace in Shahr-i Sistan. He also spent a year campaigning in northern Baluchistan. In 1255, a rebellion broke out in the capital, led by his own son Badr al-Din, the problem which became more serious when the

Kartid The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids ( fa, آل کرت), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries. Ruling from their capital ...

malik of

Herat Herāt (; Persian: ) is an oasis city and the third-largest city of Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safē ...

Shams ud-Din Shams al-Din (IPA: /ʃamsaddiːn/) ( ar, شمس الدين , link=no, "sun of the faith") is an Arabic personal name or title. Notable persons with this name are: 10th–13th century * Shams al-Din Altınapa, Seljuk atabeg *Muhammad ibn A ...

, marched south and seized Shahr-i Sistan. When Shams al-Din left the safety of his palace, he was killed by the rebels. Sistan fell under Kartid authority until 1261, when Shams al-Din's other son

Nasir al-Din Muhammad Nasir al-Din Muhammad (died c. 1318) was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1261 until his death. He was the son of Mubariz al-Din Abu'l-Fath ibn Mas'ud. Struggle to gain control of Sistan Nasir al-Din's uncle Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Mas'ud had be ...

gained control of the capital.

Notes

References

*Bosworth, C.E. ''The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3)''. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994. 1255 deaths Mihrabanids Year of birth unknown 13th-century Iranian people {{Iran-royal-stub