Settlement in a structure refers to the distortion or disruption of parts of a building due to
* unequal compression of its
foundations;
* shrinkage, such as that which occurs in timber-framed buildings as the frame adjusts its moisture content; or
* undue loads being applied to the building after its initial construction.
Settlement should not be confused with
subsidence
Subsidence is a general term for downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface, which can be caused by both natural processes and human activities. Subsidence involves little or no horizontal movement, which distinguishes it from slope mov ...
which results from the load-bearing ground upon which a building sits reducing in level, for instance in areas of mine workings where shafts collapse underground.
Some settlement is quite normal after construction has been completed, but unequal or differential settlement may cause significant problems for buildings. Traditional green oak-framed buildings are designed to settle with time as the oak seasons and warps,
lime mortar rather than
Portland cement
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19t ...
is used for its elastic properties and glazing will often employ small leaded lights which can accept movement more readily than larger panes.
See also
*
Soil consolidation
Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure. This happens because soil is a two-phase material, comprising soil grains and pore fluid, usually groundwater. Whe ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Settlement (Structural)
Building defects
Structural engineering
Foundations (buildings and structures)