Semionotiformes is an order of primitive, ray-finned, primarily freshwater fish from the Middle
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest per ...
(
Anisian
In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic ...
) to the Late
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
(
Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian () is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the inte ...
). The best-known
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
is ''
Semionotus
''Semionotus'' (from el, σημιον , 'mark' and el, νῶτος , 'back') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish found throughout Northern Pangaea (North America and Europe) during the late Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period a ...
'' of
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
and
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...
. Their closest living relatives are gars (Lepisosteidae), with both groups belonging to the clade
Ginglymodi
Ginglymodi is a clade of ray-finned fish containing modern-day gars (Lepisosteidae) and their extinct relatives, including the family Lepidotidae and the orders Semionotiformes and Kyphosichthyiformes, and various other extinct taxa. Ginglymod ...
within the
Holostei
Holostei is a group of ray-finned bony fish. It is divided into two major clades, the Halecomorphi, represented by a single living species, the bowfin ('' Amia calva''), as well as the Ginglymodi, the sole living representatives being the gars ...
.
Classification
* Order †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin 1958 sensu López-Arbarello 2012
** Genus ?†''
Orthurus
''Orthurus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic epoch.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish genera
This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt t ...
'' Kner 1866
** Genus †'' Sangiorgioichthys'' Tintori & Lombardo 2007
** Genus †''
Luoxiongichthys
''Luoxiongichthys'' is an extinct genus of basal actinopterygian (ray-finned fish) known from the lower Middle Triassic (Pelsonian substage, Anisian stage) of Luoxiong Town, Luoping County of Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is known ...
'' Wen et al. 2011
** Genus †''
Aphanepygus
''Aphanepygus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the lower Cenomanian.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
...
'' Bassani 1879
** Genus †'' Placidichthys'' Brito 2000
** Family † Pleurolepididae Lütken 1871
*** Genus †'' Pleurolepis'' Agassiz 1863 non Quenstedt 1852
** Family †
Macrosemiidae
Macrosemiiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish with one family, Macrosemiidae. The group evolved during the Late Triassic and disappeared during the Late Cretaceous. The group has been found in rock formations in Africa, Australia, Eu ...
Wagner 1860a corrig. Cope 1889 sensu Murray & Wilson 2009 acrosemii Wagner 1860a*** Genus †''
Eusemius
''Eusemius'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lis ...
'' Vetter 1881
*** Genus †'' Blenniomoeus'' Costa 1850 'Calignathus''_Costa_1853.html" ;"title="Calignathus.html" ;"title="' 'Calignathus''_Costa_1853">Calignathus.html"_;"title="'Calignathus">'Calignathus''_Costa_1853***_Genus_†''Enchelyolepis.html" ;"title="Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853">Calignathus.html" ;"title="'Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853*** Genus †''Enchelyolepis">Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853">Calignathus.html" ;"title="'Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853*** Genus †''Enchelyolepis'' Woodward 1918
*** Genus †''Palaeomacrosemius'' Ebert, Lane & Kolbl-Ebert 2016
*** Genus †''Voelklichthys'' Arratia & Schultze 2012
*** Genus †''Notagogus'' Agassiz 1833-1844 [''Neonotagogus'' Bravi 1994]
*** Genus †'' Agoultichthys'' Murray & Wilson 2009
*** Genus †''
Histionotus
''Histionotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organiz ...
'' Egerton 1854
*** Genus †''
Propterus
''Propterus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish of the Solnhofen Plattenkalk.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
Peopl ...
'' Agassiz 1833-1844 'Rhynchoncodes''_Costa_1850.html" ;"title="Rhynchoncodes.html" ;"title="' 'Rhynchoncodes''_Costa_1850">Rhynchoncodes.html"_;"title="'Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes''_Costa_1850***_Genus_†''Macrosemiocotzus.html" ;"title="Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850">Rhynchoncodes.html" ;"title="'Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850*** Genus †''Macrosemiocotzus">Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850">Rhynchoncodes.html" ;"title="'Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850*** Genus †''Macrosemiocotzus'' González-Rodríguez, Applegate & Espinosa-Arrubarrena 2004
*** Genus †''Legnonotus'' Egerton 1853
*** Genus †''Macrosemius'' Agassiz 1833-1844
** Family †Semionotidae Woodward 1890 sensu López-Arbarello 2012
*** Genus †''
Semionotus
''Semionotus'' (from el, σημιον , 'mark' and el, νῶτος , 'back') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish found throughout Northern Pangaea (North America and Europe) during the late Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period a ...
'' Agassiz 1832
*** Genus †''
Sargodon
''Sargodon tomicus'' is an extinct semionotid fish from the Late Triassic of Italy.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (s ...
'' Plieninger 1847
** Family †
Callipurbeckiidae
Semionotiformes is an order of primitive, ray-finned, primarily freshwater fish from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) to the Late Cretaceous ( Maastrichtian). The best-known genus is ''Semionotus'' of Europe and North America. Their closest livi ...
Paralepidotus
''Paralepidotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish.
Distribution
Fossils of '' Paralepidotus '' are found in the Triassic marine strata of Austria, France, Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia and United States.
See a ...
'' Stolley 1919
*** Genus †''
Macrosemimimus
''Macrosemimimus'' is an extinct genus of semionotiform ray-finned fish from the Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 163.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago ( ...
'' Schröder, López-Arbarello & Ebert 2012
*** Genus †'' Tlayuamichin'' López-Arbarello & Alvarado-Ortega 2011
*** Genus †''
Callipurbeckia
''Callipurbeckia '' is an extinct genus of neopterygian ray-finned fish from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Fossils have been found in Germany, Tanzania, and England. It contains three species, which were previously classified in the re ...
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleo ...
from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest per ...
from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:
Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of ...
from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:
Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
Mesozoic Era
The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretace ...
from: -65.5 till: 0 color:cenozoic text:
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configu ...
Acentrophorus
''Acentrophorus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Permian and Triassic periods. Fossils have been found in Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom. It was the oldest known neopterygian.
See also
* Prehistoric ...
Paralepidotus
''Paralepidotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish.
Distribution
Fossils of '' Paralepidotus '' are found in the Triassic marine strata of Austria, France, Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia and United States.
See a ...
Pericentrophus
''Pericentrophus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
...
Semionotus
''Semionotus'' (from el, σημιον , 'mark' and el, νῶτος , 'back') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish found throughout Northern Pangaea (North America and Europe) during the late Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period a ...
Asialepidotus
''Asialepidotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Middle Triassic epoch.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
...
Serrolepis
''Serrolepis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. It was a highly-specialized small stem-neopterygian with strong jaws and a short head. Body shape is variable and known material appears to fall within several size classes & two morp ...
Orthurus
''Orthurus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic epoch.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish genera
This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt t ...
Sargodon
''Sargodon tomicus'' is an extinct semionotid fish from the Late Triassic of Italy.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (s ...
Prolepidotus
''Lepidotes'' (from el, λεπιδωτός , 'covered with scales') (previously known as ''Lepidotus'') is an extinct genus of Mesozoic Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish. It has been considered a wastebasket taxon, characterised by "general featur ...
Heterostrophus
''Heterostrophus'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Dapediidae. It lived from the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic epoch to the early Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch ...
Paralepidosteus
''Paralepidosteus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Albian to the Campanian stage of the Early Cretaceous epoch.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a ...
Oshunia
''Oshunia'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Albian. Fossils of the genus were found in the Romualdo Formation of the Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil.Sphathiurus
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period
from: -299 till: -251 color:permian text:
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleo ...
from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest per ...
from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:
Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of ...
from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:
Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
Mesozoic Era
The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretace ...
from: -65.5 till: 0 color:cenozoic text:
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configu ...