The Second Goryeo-Khitan War (; ) was an 11th-century conflict between the
Goryeo dynasty of Korea and the
Khitan-led
Liao dynasty
The Liao dynasty (; Khitan language, Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that exi ...
of China near what is now the border between
China and
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and T ...
. It was the second of the
Goryeo-Khitan Wars, with the
First Goryeo-Khitan War
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement
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occurring in 993, the second in 1010, and the
third in 1018.
When
King Seongjong died in 997, the Liao dynasty invested his successor Wang Song as king of Goryeo (
King Mokjong, r. 997-1009). In 1009, he was assassinated by the forces of the general
Gang Jo
Gang Jo (, 964 – 31 December 1010) was a Goryeo general who came from the noble family in Sincheon, Hwanghae-do and served under King Mokjong of Goryeo and King Hyeonjong of Goryeo. General Gang Jo was a general in charge of the Northern bord ...
. Using it as a pretext, the Liao attacked Goryeo in the next year. They lost the first battle but won the second one, and Gang Jo was captured and killed.
The Liao occupied and burnt the Goryeo capital
Kaesong,
[, p. 95: "a prelude to more invasions during the reign of King Hyonjong (1010-1031) and the occupation of Kaesong, the Koryo capital."] but the Goryeo king had already escaped to
Naju
Naju () is a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea.
The capital of South Jeolla was located at Naju until it was moved to Gwangju in 1895. The name Jeolla actually originates from the first character of Jeonju () and the first character of Na ...
.
The Liao troops withdrew then afterward Goryeo promised to reaffirm its tributary relationship with the Liao dynasty.
[, p. 93: "a second Liao incursion resulted in heavy losses, the sacking of Kaesong, and the imposition of Liao suzerainty over the Koryo state."] Unable to establish a foothold and to avoid a counterattack by the regrouped Groyeo armies, the Liao forces withdrew.
Afterward, the Goryeo king sued for peace, but the Liao emperor demanded that he come in person and also cede key border areas; the Goryeo court refused the demands, resulting in a decade of hostility between the two nations, during which both sides fortified their borders in preparation of war.
[, p. 93: "a second Liao incursion resulted in heavy losses, the sacking of Kaesong, and the imposition of Liao suzerainty over the Koryo state." p. 95: "a prelude to more invasions during the reign of King Hyonjong (1010-1031) and the occupation of Kaesong, the Koryo capital."] Liao attacked Goryeo in 1015, 1016, and 1017, but the results were indecisive.
See also
*
Goryeo–Khitan War
The Goryeo–Khitan War (; ) was a series of 10th- and 11th-century conflicts between the Goryeo dynasty of Korea and the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China near the present-day border between China and North Korea.
Background
During the Three Ki ...
**
First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War
**Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War
**
Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War
Notes
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Second conflict in the Goryeo-Khitan War
Goryeo–Khitan War
Wars involving Imperial China
Conflicts in 1010
Conflicts in 1011