Second Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
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Second Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance was held in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
, Germany in June 1904. The main features of the second conference were the formation of " The International Woman Suffrage Alliance," and the adoption of the Declaration of Principles.


Proceedings

The meeting was called to order on 3 June at the Prince Albert Hotel by American
Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony (born Susan Anthony; February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to s ...
. The welcoming address was made by
Anita Augspurg Anita Theodora Johanna Sophie Augspurg (22 September 1857 – 20 December 1943) was a German jurist, actress, writer, activist of the radical feminist movement and a pacifist. Biography Augspurg was born the youngest daughter of the lawyer ...
of Germany and then
Carrie Chapman Catt Carrie Chapman Catt (; January 9, 1859 Fowler, p. 3 – March 9, 1947) was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt ...
received the gavel from delegates of Wyoming. Appointments were made designating Germans
Käthe Schirmacher Käthe Schirmacher ( Danzig, 6 August 1865 – Meran, 18 November, 1930) was a German writer, journalist, and political activist who was considered to be one of the leading advocates for women's rights and the international women's movement in th ...
as the official interpreter and Adelheid von Welczeck as assistant secretary; and Dutch delegate
Aletta Jacobs Aletta Henriëtte Jacobs (; 9 February 1854 – 10 August 1929) was a Dutch physician and women's suffrage activist. As the first woman officially to attend a Dutch university, she became one of the first female physicians in the Netherlands. I ...
and English delegate Edith Palliser as members of the credentials committee. Seven national woman suffrage associations were represented by regularly appointed delegates at the conference: Denmark, Germany, Gt. Britain, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United States. Visitors from Switzerland, New Zealand, Austria and Hungary were made members of the convention and were permitted to join freely in the discussion, until the constitution should be adopted. When this had taken place,
Anna Howard Shaw Anna Howard Shaw (February 14, 1847 – July 2, 1919) was a leader of the women's suffrage movement in the United States. She was also a physician and one of the first ordained female Methodist ministers in the United States. Early life Shaw ...
entered a motion that Anthony be declared the first member of the new association and Lucretia Longshore Blankenburg moved that
Mary Stafford Anthony Mary Stafford Anthony (April 2, 1827 – February 5, 1907) was an American suffragist during the women's rights movement of the 19th century. Anthony was employed as a school teacher in Western New York, and was eventually promoted to the po ...
should be the second member. These motions unanimously carried and delegates then voted that all those who had attended the conference in Washington be invited as charter members. Thereafter, honorary new associates were accepted, including Austrian Friederike Mekler von Traunwies; Danes Anna Hude,
Johanne Münter Johanne Elisabeth Münter née Johnson (1844–1921) was a Danish writer and women's rights activist. After travelling to Japan with her husband in 1895, Münter authored several books on Japanese women and her own fascination with the country. ...
, and
Charlotte Norrie Helga Charlotte Norrie, née Harbou, (12 October 1855–19 December 1940) was a Danish nurse, women's rights activist and educator. She was a major contributor to the development of nursing as an acceptable profession for women and also campaigne ...
; Hungarian Bertha Katscher; New Zealanders
Wilhelmina Sherriff Bain Wilhelmina Sherriff Bain (5 September 1848 – 26 January 1944) was a New Zealand teacher, librarian, feminist, peace activist and writer. Early life Sheriff Bain was born in Midlothian, near Edinburgh, Scotland, to John and Elizabeth Mi ...
and Isabel Napier; and Swiss
Pauline Chaponnière-Chaix Pauline Chaponnière-Chaix (Geneva, 1 November 1850 – Geneva, 6 December 1934) was a Swiss nurse, feminist and suffragette. She was one of four employees of the International Committee of the Red Cross after World War I, and served as president ...
and Camille Vidart. A roll of the nations represented was called, and the delegates from Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, The Netherlands and the United States pledged affiliation with the new organization, now called the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. The name of Australia was also added to the list as the Secretary reported the desire of the suffragists there to enter the new organization as soon as it should be formed. The delegates from Norway explained that while they did not doubt that the Norwegian suffrage association would wish to become a member of the Alliance, they did not feel authorized to pledge its affiliation until a conference could be had with the other members of their association. Some of the delegates from Denmark urged the impropriety of joining the Alliance since the Danish Woman Suffrage Society had only worked for municipal suffrage. The election of officers, which followed was therefore participated in by delegates from five countries only. Four of these were represented on the official board. That Sweden was not so represented must have been because her delegates proposed no candidate. The executive officers were elected, including Susan B. Anthony, honorary president; Carrie Chapment Catt, president; Anita Augspurg, 1st vice president;
Millicent Fawcett Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett (née Garrett; 11 June 1847 – 5 August 1929) was an English politician, writer and feminist. She campaigned for Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, women's suffrage by Law reform, legal change and in 1897– ...
, 2nd vice president;
Rachel Foster Avery Rachel Foster Avery (December 30, 1858 – October 26, 1919) was active in the American women's suffrage movement during the late 19th century, working closely with Susan B. Anthony and other movement leaders. She rose to be corresponding secr ...
, secretary; Käthe Schirmacher and Johanna Naber as assistant secretaries; and Sophia Rodger-Cunliffe, treasurer. Naber later resigned and was replaced by Martina Kramers. Soon after the adjournment of the Alliance, some belated delegates from Norway arrived, and the expected conference took place. The report was at once made to the officers of the Alliance, that the Norwegian Suffrage Association wished to become a member. The majority of the delegates from Denmark having conferred together, they likewise expressed a desire to enter the Alliance, and pledged themselves that their association would declare itself for full suffrage. These two applications were presented to the officers yet remaining in Berlin, and the majority having voted to accept them, these two associations became members. Thus before leaving Berlin, every suffrage association in the world which could in any sense be called national except perhaps that of Canada, had entered into the Alliance, and the number of countries represented was eight.


Notable people

* Lucretia Longshore Blankenburg


See also

*
International Alliance of Women The International Alliance of Women (IAW; french: Alliance Internationale des Femmes, AIF) is an international non-governmental organization that works to promote women's rights and gender equality. It was historically the main international org ...


References


Attribution

* {{Suffrage 1904 conferences 1904 in Germany 1904 in women's history June 1904 events Events in Berlin Women's suffrage Women's conferences Women in Berlin