Seasonal influenza vaccine brands
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Seasonal
influenza vaccine Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots, are vaccines that protect against infection by influenza viruses. New versions of the vaccines are developed twice a year, as the influenza virus rapidly changes. While their effectiveness varies fr ...
brands include Fluzone/Fluzone Quadrivalent and Vaxigrip/VaxigripTetra, Influvac and Optaflu.


AstraZeneca

Fluenz, FluMist and their quadrivalent formulations are
nasal Nasal is an adjective referring to the nose, part of human or animal anatomy. It may also be shorthand for the following uses in combination: * With reference to the human nose: ** Nasal administration, a method of pharmaceutical drug delivery ** ...
attenuated vaccines by AstraZeneca. * ''Fluenz'' * ''Fluenz Tetra'' * ''FluMist'' * ''FluMist Quadrivalent''


GlaxoSmithKline

Fluarix, Flulaval and their quadrivalent formulations are split virus inactivated vaccines by
GlaxoSmithKline GSK plc, formerly GlaxoSmithKline plc, is a British multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with global headquarters in London, England. Established in 2000 by a merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham. GSK is the ten ...
. * ''Fluarix'' * ''Flulaval'' * ''Fluarix Tetra''


Mylan

Influvac and its quadrivalent formulation are surface antigen
subunit vaccine A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains purified parts of the pathogen that are antigenic, or necessary to elicit a protective immune response. A "subunit" vaccine doesn't contain the whole pathogen, unlike live attenuated or inactivated va ...
s marketed by Mylan. * ''Influvac'' * ''Influvac Tetra'' They contain inactivated purified surface fragments (subunits) from the three different strains of the influenza virus (
A/H1N1 In virology, influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) is a subtype of influenza A virus. Major outbreaks of H1N1 strains in humans include the Spanish flu, the 1977 Russian flu pandemic and the 2009 swine flu pandemic. It is an orthomyxovirus ...
, A/H3N2, and Influenza B virus) that are selected and distributed by the World Health Organization, on the basis of their latest recommendations. Previously, they were produced and marketed by
Abbott Laboratories Abbott Laboratories is an American multinational medical devices and health care company with headquarters in Abbott Park, Illinois, United States. The company was founded by Chicago physician Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888 to formulate known dr ...
In February 2010, Abbott acquired the vaccines subunit from Solvay Pharmaceuticals included in its $6.2 billion purchase and the subunit influenza vaccine — Influvac has been commercially available on the market since the early nineteen-eighties. With the acquisition of Solvay, Abbott retained access to the Eastern European, Middle Eastern & Latin American markets. Approximately $850 million of sales revenue from vaccines was reported by Solvay Pharmaceuticals in 2009. In February 2015, Mylan Laboratories completed the deal with Abbott to purchase Abbott's generic drugs business in developed markets, which includes Influvac.


Novartis

''Optaflu'' is a trivalent surface antigen inactivated vaccine prepared in
cell culture Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows. This te ...
s manufactured by Novartis. On April 27, 2007, Novartis received a positive opinion supporting European Union approval of Optaflu. It is the first influenza vaccine made in a mammalian cell line, rather than chicken eggs. The plan was to manufacture the vaccine in Holly Springs, North Carolina. The United States government provided $500 million in construction costs and guaranteed vaccine purchases. Novartis' flu vaccine unit was sold to
CSL Limited CSL Limited is an Australian multinational specialty biotechnology company that researches, develops, manufactures, and markets products to treat and prevent serious human medical conditions. CSL's product areas include blood plasma derivative ...
in 2014, and was placed under CSL subsidiary, bioCSL (Seqirus). bioCSL as marketing authorization holder decided to discontinue the usage of Optaflu brand in 2017 due to commercial reasons


Sanofi-Aventis

Vaxigrip Tetra and Fluquadri are quadrivalent split virus inactivated vaccines by Sanofi-Aventis. * ''Vaxigrip Tetra'' * ''Fluquadri''


Sanofi Pasteur

Sanofi Pasteur produces the following vaccines: * ''Fluzone'' * ''Vaxigrip''/''Vaxigrip Tetra'' * ''Flublok''


Fluzone

Fluzone and its quadrivalent formulation are split virus inactivated vaccines distributed by Sanofi Pasteur mainly in the United States.


Dosage and storage

Fluzone is typically administered in a single dose by intramuscular injection;"Fluzone Prescribing Information"
. Sanofi Pasteur. June 2012.
an intradermal injection is also available. It is presented as a 0.25 ml
syringe A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside ...
for pediatric use, as a 0.5 ml syringe for adults and children, as a 0.5 ml vial for adults and children, and as a 5 ml vial for adults and children. Fluzone must be refrigerated under temperatures from and is inactivated by freezing. Fluzone was initially approved in 1980 by the FDA.


Adverse effects

The following adverse effects have been reported: * Mild soreness, local
pain Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, ...
and swelling at the local of the injection * In small children and in people with no previous exposure to a flu vaccine, episodes of fever,
malaise As a medical term, malaise is a feeling of general discomfort, uneasiness or lack of wellbeing and often the first sign of an infection or other disease. The word has existed in French since at least the 12th century. The term is often used ...
,
myalgia Myalgia (also called muscle pain and muscle ache in layman's terms) is the medical term for muscle pain. Myalgia is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likel ...
(muscle pain) * In people who are sensitive to egg protein, allergic reactions may ensue, such as
hives Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps. Hives may burn or sting. The patches of rash may appear on different body parts, with variable duration from minutes to days, and does not leave any long-lasti ...
, angioedema, asthma and anaphylaxis


High-dose vaccine

A high-dose vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) four times the strength of standard flu vaccine was approved by the FDA in 2009. This vaccine is intended for people 65 and over, who typically have weakened immune response due to normal aging. The vaccine produces a greater immune response than standard vaccine. According to the CDC, "a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine n August, 2014indicated that the high-dose vaccine was 24.2% more effective in preventing flu in adults 65 years of age and older relative to a standard-dose vaccine." The CDC recommends the high-dose vaccine for people 65 and over but expresses no preference between it and standard vaccine. Further studies were underway .


Vaxigrip/Vaxigrip Tetra

Vaxigrip and its quadrivalent formulation Vaxigrip Tetra are split virus inactivated vaccines made by Sanofi Pasteur in Europe. Vaxigrip provides immune responses to three influenza strains and VaxigripTetra adds another B strain. VaxigripTetra was approved in Europe in 2016 except for infants younger than three years old.


Flublok/Flublok Quadrivalent

Flublok and its quadrivalent formulation are recombinant subunit vaccines prepared in
cell culture Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows. This te ...
s. Recombinant influenza vaccines are produced using
recombinant virus A recombinant virus may occur naturally or be produced by recombining pieces of DNA using recombinant DNA technology. Synthetic recombination This may be used to produce viral vaccines or gene therapy vectors. Natural recombination The term ...
technology. This method does not require an egg-grown vaccine virus and does not use chicken eggs in the production process. The DNA for the hemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus is added to a baculovirus. This recombinant virus is then used to infect cultured insect cells (of the moth '' Spodoptera frugiperda''), which subsequently produce the hemagglutinin protein. The protein is harvested and purified. This is done for four different types of influenza hemagglutinin to create the Flublok Quadrivalent vaccine.


Seqirus

Afluria and its quadrivalent formulation are a split virus inactivated vaccines. Fluad and its quadrivalent formulations are adjuvanted surface antigen inactivated vaccines. Flucelvax and its quadrivalent formulations are surface antigen inactivated vaccines prepared in
cell culture Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows. This te ...
s. Novartis developed the first influenza vaccine, which did not need to be grown in chicken eggs, a
cell-based vaccine Cell-based vaccines are developed from mammalian or more rarely avian or insect cell lines rather than the more common method which uses the cells in embryonic chicken eggs to develop the antigens. The potential use of cell culture techniques in ...
. In 2014,
CSL Limited CSL Limited is an Australian multinational specialty biotechnology company that researches, develops, manufactures, and markets products to treat and prevent serious human medical conditions. CSL's product areas include blood plasma derivative ...
obtained Novartis' flu vaccine unit, and transferred it to CSL Subsidiary, bioCSL, named Seqirus. The following are list of bioCSL flu vaccine brands: * Trivalent ** ''Afluria'', also marketed as ''Enzira'', ''Fluvax'', and ''Nilgrip'' in various different markets ** ''Agrippal'', also marketed as ''Begripal'', ''Fluazur'', ''Sandovac'', ''Agriflu'', and ''Chiroflu'' in various different markets ** ''Fluad'', also marketed as ''Chiromas'' in Spain ** ''Fluad Pediatric'', a pediatric vaccine * Quadrivalent ** ''Afluria Quadrivalent'', also marketed as Afluria Quad and Afluria Tetra in various different markets ** ''Fluad Quad'' ** ''Fluad Quadrivalent'' ** ''Fluad Tetra'' ** ''Flucelvax Quad'' ** ''Flucelvax Quadrivalent'' ** ''Flucelvax Tetra''


See also

* Pandemrix, a pandemic flu vaccine * H5N1 vaccine


References


External links

* * * * * * * * {{Portal bar , Medicine , Viruses AstraZeneca brands GSK plc brands Influenza vaccines Novartis brands Subunit vaccines