The 2016 Scottish parliament election was held on Thursday, 5 May 2016 to elect 129 members to the Scottish Parliament. It was the fifth election held since the devolved parliament was established in 1999. It was the first parliamentary election in Scotland in which 16 and 17 year olds were eligible to vote, under the provisions of the Scottish Elections (Reduction of Voting Age) Act. It was also the first time the three largest parties were led by women. Parliament went into dissolution on 24 March 2016, allowing the official period of campaigning to get underway. Five parties had MSPs in the previous parliament: Scottish National Party (SNP) led by

First Minister A first minister is any of a variety of leaders of government cabinets. The term literally has the same meaning as "prime minister" but is typically chosen to distinguish the office-holder from a superior prime minister. Currently the title of ' ...

Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish Labour led by

Kezia Dugdale Kezia Alexandra Ross Dugdale (born 28 August 1981) is a Scottish former politician who served as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2015 to 2017. A former member of the Scottish Labour Party and Co-operative Party, she was a Member of th ...

Scottish Conservatives The Scottish Conservative & Unionist Party ( gd, Pàrtaidh Tòraidheach na h-Alba, sco, Scots Tory an Unionist Pairty), often known simply as the Scottish Conservatives and colloquially as the Scottish Tories, is a centre-right political par ...

led by

Ruth Davidson Ruth Elizabeth Davidson, Baroness Davidson of Lundin Links (born 10 November 1978), is a Scottish politician who served as Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party from 2011 to 2019 and Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party in the Scottish ...

Scottish Liberal Democrats The Scottish Liberal Democrats ( gd, Pàrtaidh Libearal Deamocratach na h-Alba, sco, Scots Leeberal Democrats) is a liberal, federalist political party in Scotland, a part of the United Kingdom Liberal Democrats. The party currently holds 4 o ...

led by

Willie Rennie William Cowan Rennie (born 27 September 1967), commonly known as Willie Rennie, is a Scottish politician who served as the Leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats from 2011 to 2021. He has served as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MS ...

Scottish Greens The Scottish Greens (also known as the Scottish Green Party; gd, Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba ; sco, Scots Green Pairtie) are a green political party in Scotland. The party has seven MSPs in the Scottish Parliament as of May 2021. As of the 2 ...

, led by their co-conveners

Patrick Harvie Patrick Harvie (born 18 March 1973) is a Scottish politician who has served as Minister for Zero Carbon Buildings, Active Travel and Tenants' Rights since 2021. He has served as one of two co-leaders of the Scottish Greens since 2008, and is on ...

and

Maggie Chapman Maggie Chapman (born 27 June 1979) is a Zimbabwe Rhodesia-born Scottish politician and lecturer who is a Scottish Green Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for North East Scotland. She was co-convenor of the Scottish Greens from Novembe ...

. Of those five parties, four changed their leader since the 2011 election. During the campaign, a series of televised debates took place, including party leaders of the elected parties. BBC Scotland held the first leaders’ debate on 24 March, STV broadcast the next on 29 March, and BBC Scotland hosted the final debate on 1 May. The election resulted in a

hung parliament A hung parliament is a term used in legislatures primarily under the Westminster system to describe a situation in which no single political party or pre-existing coalition (also known as an alliance or bloc) has an absolute majority of legisla ...

with the Scottish National Party winning a third term in government, but falling two seats short of securing a second consecutive overall majority. The Conservatives saw a significant increase in support and replaced the Labour Party as the second-largest party and main opposition in the Scottish Parliament. This was the first time that Labour had finished in third place at a Scottish election in 98 years. The Scottish Greens won six seats on the regional list and overtook the Liberal Democrats, who remained on five seats. Although the SNP had lost their majority, it was still by far the largest single party in the Scottish Parliament, with more than double the seats of the Conservatives. Accordingly, Sturgeon announced she would form a minority SNP government. She was voted in for a second term as First Minister on 17 May.

Date

Under the

Scotland Act 1998 The Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legislated for the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament with tax varying powers and the Scottish Government (then Scottish Executive). It was o ...

, an ordinary election to the Scottish Parliament would normally have been held on the first Thursday in May four years after the 2011 election, i.e. in May 2015. In May 2010, the new UK Government stated in its

coalition agreement A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...

that the

next United Kingdom general election The next United Kingdom general election is scheduled to be held no later than January 2025. It will determine the 59th House of Commons. Background The next election is scheduled to be held no later than January 2025, after the Dissolution a ...

would also be held in May 2015. This proposal was criticised by the Scottish National Party and Labour, as it had been recommended after the 2007 election that elections with different voting systems should be held on separate days: a recommendation which all of the political parties had then accepted. In response to this criticism, Deputy Prime Minister

Nick Clegg Sir Nicholas William Peter Clegg (born 7 January 1967) is a British media executive and former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who has been president for global affairs at Meta Platforms since 2022, having previously been vicep ...

offered the right to vary the date of the Scottish Parliament election by a year either way. All the main political parties then stated their support for delaying the election by a year. The

Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 The Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (c. 14) (FTPA) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that for the first time set in legislation a default fixed election date for a general election to the Westminster parliament. Since the repeal ...

, a statute of the UK Parliament, moved the date of the Scottish Parliament election to 5 May 2016. The date of the poll may be varied by up to one month either way by the

monarch A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power i ...

, on the proposal of the Presiding Officer. If Parliament itself resolves that it should be dissolved, with at least two-thirds of the

Members Member may refer to: * Military jury, referred to as "Members" in military jargon * Element (mathematics), an object that belongs to a mathematical set * In object-oriented programming, a member of a class ** Field (computer science), entries in ...

(i.e. 86 Members) voting in favour, the Presiding Officer proposes a date for an extraordinary election and the Parliament is dissolved by the monarch by royal proclamation. It does not necessarily require a two-thirds majority to precipitate an extraordinary election, because under the Scotland Act Parliament is also dissolved if it fails to nominate one of its members to be

within certain time limits, irrespective of whether at the beginning or in the middle of a parliamentary term. Therefore, if the First Minister resigned, Parliament would then have 28 days to elect a successor (s46(2)b and s46(3)a). If no new First Minister was elected then the Presiding Officer would ask for Parliament to be dissolved under s3(1)a. This process could also be triggered if the First Minister lost a vote of confidence by a Majority, simple majority (i.e. more than 50%), as they must then resign (Scotland Act 1998 s45(2)). To date the Parliament has never held a vote of no confidence in a First Minister. No extraordinary elections have been held to date. Any extraordinary elections would be in addition to ordinary elections, unless held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary election, in which case they supplant it. The subsequent ordinary election reverts to the first Thursday in May, a multiple of four years after 1999. It was envisaged that the election would still have taken place as scheduled if Scotland had voted in favour of 2014 Scottish independence referendum, independence in 2014.

Retiring MSPs

Deselected MSPs

Changes to the SNP's selection procedures the previous year in order to ensure gender balance of candidates meant that any incumbent constituency MSP who chose to retire would have their replacement selected from an all-woman shortlist. The only ways for a new male candidate to receive a constituency nomination would be to stand in a constituency currently held by an opposition MSP or to run a de-selection campaign against a sitting MSP. For that reason there were far more challenges than normal within the SNP, but only two were successful:

Election system, seats, and regions

The total number of Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) elected to the Parliament is 129. The First Periodical Review of the Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions, Scottish Parliament's constituencies and regions by the Boundary Commission for Scotland, was announced on 3 July 2007. The Commission published its provisional proposals for the regional boundaries in 2009. The Scottish Parliament uses an Additional Members System, designed to produce approximate proportional representation for each region. There are 8 regions, each sub-divided into smaller constituencies. There are a total of 73 Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions, constituencies. Each constituency elects one MSP by the Plurality voting system, plurality (first past the post) system of election. Each region elects 7 additional MSPs using an Mixed member proportional representation, additional member system. A modified D'Hondt method, using the constituency results, is used to elect these additional MSPs. The Scottish Parliament constituencies have not been coterminous with Scottish Westminster constituencies since the 2005 United Kingdom general election, 2005 general election, when the 72 former UK Parliament constituencies were replaced with a new set of 59, generally larger, constituencies (see Scottish Parliament (Constituencies) Act 2004). The boundaries used for the Scottish Parliament elections were then revised for the 2011 election. The Boundary Commission also recommended changes to the electoral regions used to elect "list" members of the Scottish Parliament, which were also implemented in 2011.

Campaign

On 29 February 2016, BBC Scotland's ''Scotland 2016'' current affairs programme held a debate focusing on education featuring the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning, Education Minister Angela Constance and three party leaders:

and

. On 24 March 2016, BBC Scotland held a debate in Glasgow which was televised that featured Dugdale, Davidson, Rennie, Nicola Sturgeon,

and David Coburn (politician), David Coburn. On 29 March 2016, STV hosted a televised leaders’ debate, featuring the five leaders of the parties which held seats in the last Parliament. From 5–26 April 2016, ''Scotland 2016'' also held a series of weekly subject debates on Tuesday nights. The subjects were Tax, Health, Energy & Environment, and Housing. Of these, six parties (Scottish National Party, SNP, Scottish Labour Party, Labour, Scottish Conservative Party, Conservatives and Scottish Liberal Democrats, Liberal Democrats, the Scottish Green Party, Scottish Greens and UKIP) were invited to the Tax debate.

Parties contesting the election

The official nomination period closed on 1 April 2016, lists of candidates were then published by local councils once the applications had been processed. In March 2015, the Scottish Greens balloted their members to select candidates for their regional lists. The SNP released their regional candidate list in October 2015. The Conservative regional candidate list followed in December. In January 2016, RISE – Scotland's Left Alliance announced list candidates for all regions except the North East. Labour had announced a new selection process for regional candidates in November 2013, then revealed their full list of regional candidates in February 2016. UKIP's regional candidates were picked by their executive committee, prompting one prospective candidate to resign his party membership.

Contesting constituency and regional ballot

The SNP, the Scottish Labour, the Scottish Conservatives and the Scottish Liberal Democrats fielded candidates in all 73 constituencies. * Scottish National Party (SNP) * Scottish Labour *

– contesting all regions and Coatbridge and Chryston (Scottish Parliament constituency), Coatbridge and Chryston, Edinburgh Central (Scottish Parliament constituency), Edinburgh Central and Glasgow Kelvin (Scottish Parliament constituency), Glasgow Kelvin constituencies. * Scottish Libertarian Party − contesting West of Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), West of Scotland, Mid Scotland and Fife (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Mid Scotland Fife, North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), North East Scotland region only and Edinburgh Central (Scottish Parliament constituency), Edinburgh Central constituency

Contesting regional ballot only

* Clydesdale and South Scotland Independent – contesting South Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), South Scotland * Communist Party of Britain, Communist Party – contesting North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), North East Scotland * National Front (UK), National Front – contesting North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), North East Scotland only * RISE – Scotland's Left Alliance, RISE – Respect, Independence, Socialism and Environmentalism – contesting all regions * Scottish Christian Party, Scottish Christian Party "Proclaiming Christ’s Lordship" – contesting Highlands and Islands (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Highlands and Islands and North East * Solidarity (Scotland), Solidarity – Scotland's Socialist Movement – contesting all regions * UK Independence Party – contesting all regions * Women's Equality Party – contesting Lothian (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Lothian and Glasgow (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Glasgow

Contesting constituency ballot only

* Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition (TUSC): Glasgow Cathcart (Scottish Parliament constituency), Glasgow Cathcart, Glasgow Pollok (Scottish Parliament constituency), Glasgow Pollok, Glasgow Shettleston (Scottish Parliament constituency), Glasgow Shettleston, Renfrewshire North and West (Scottish Parliament constituency), Renfrewshire North and West, Dundee City East (Scottish Parliament constituency), Dundee City East and Dundee City West (Scottish Parliament constituency), Dundee City West * Independent candidates

Opinion polling

The chart shows the relative state of the parties since polling began from 2012, until the date of the election. The constituency vote is shown as semi-transparent lines, while the regional vote is shown in full lines. Opinion polling for the 2016 Scottish Parliament election

Result

, - , style="background-color:white" colspan=15 , Scottish Parliament elected members, 2016

, - ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 , Party ! colspan=5 , Constituencies ! colspan=5 , Regional additional member system, additional members ! colspan=5 , Total seats , - ! Votes !! % !! ± !! Seats !! ± !! Votes !! % !! ± !! Seats !! ± !! Total !! ± !! % , - , - , style="text-align:left"; colspan="2" , Valid votes , , 2,279,154 , , 99.6 , , 0.1 , , colspan="2", , , 2,285,752 , , 99.8 , , 0.1 , , colspan="5", , - , style="text-align:left"; colspan="2" , Spoilt votes , , 9,215 , , 0.4 , , 0.1 , , colspan="2", , , 3,812 , , 0.2 , , 0.1 , , colspan="5", , - !style="text-align:left"; colspan="2" , Total , , 2,288,369 , , 100 , , , , 73 , , – , , 2,289,564 , , 100 , , , , 56 , , – , , 129 , , – , , 100 , - , style="text-align:left"; colspan="2" , Electorate/Turnout , , 4,099,907 , , 55.8 , , 5.3 , , colspan="2", , , 4,099,907 , , 55.8 , , 5.3 , , colspan="5",

Votes summary

Central Scotland

, - ! colspan=2 style="width: 200px", Constituency ! style="width: 150px", Elected member ! style="width: 300px", Result , - ! colspan="2" style="width: 150px", Party ! Elected candidates ! style="width: 40px", Seats ! style="width: 40px", +/− ! style="width: 50px", Votes ! style="width: 40px", % ! style="width: 40px", +/−% , -

Glasgow

Highlands and Islands

Lothian

Mid Scotland and Fife

North East Scotland

South Scotland

West Scotland

Target seats

Below are listed all the constituencies which required a Swing (United Kingdom), swing of less than 5% from the 2011 result to change hands.

SNP targets

Labour targets

Conservative targets

Liberal Democrat targets

Incumbents defeated

* Formerly SNP

References

External links

McNeill and Stone's Guide to candidates

report on 2016 election
by Electoral Commission

Party manifestos

* RISE – Scotland's Left Alliance:
Another Scotland is possible
' * Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party:
A strong opposition - A stronger Scotland
' * Scottish Green Party:
A better Scotland needs a bolder Holyrood
' *

:
Be the best again
' * Scottish National Party:
The next steps to a better Scotland
' * UK Independence Party:
Shake up Holyrood
' * Women's Equality Party:
Scotland Manifesto
' {{DEFAULTSORT:Scottish Parliament Election, 2016 General elections to the Scottish Parliament, 2016 2016 elections in the United Kingdom, Scottish Parliament election, 2016 2016 in Scotland, Scottish Parliament election, 2016 2010s elections in Scotland May 2016 events in the United Kingdom