From March 1816 to August 1817, Franz Schubert composed four violin sonatas. All four were published after the composer's death: the first three, 384, 385 and 408, as Sonatinas in 1836 (opus number, Op. posth. 137), and the last one, , as Duet, Duo in 1851 (Op. posth. 162). Schubert composed two more pieces for violin and piano, in October 1826 and December 1827 respectively: a Rondo, , which was published during the composer's lifetime (Op. 70), and a Fantasia (music), Fantasy, D 934, which was premiered in January 1828, less than a year before the composer's death.Printed Music: chamber music - duets (without sonatas)
at The 1816–1817 sonatas breathe an intimate atmosphere, requiring no virtuoso bravura from their performers, while the 1826–1827 pieces, composed for the Bohemian violinist Josef Slavík, have been characterized as more demanding, also for the pianist, and have a more extroverted character.Dennis D. Rooney. Liner notes to ''Schubert: The Complete Works for Violin and Piano''. Brilliant Classics No. 92275 (), 2004.Richard Wigmore
Liner notes
t
''Schubert: Complete works for violin and piano''.
Hyperion Records, Hyperion CDA67911/2, 2013. Harry Halbreich. Liner notes to CD 6–7, pp. 3–5 i
''Schubert Edition: Liner notes, sung texts, full tracklist''.
Brilliant Classics No.&nbs
94870
(), 2014

Sonatas (1816–1817)

Schubert was an accomplished violinist and had already extensively composed for violin, including List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre#Works for string quartet, over a dozen string quartets, by the time he started to write violin sonatas at age 19.

Sonatinas Op. 137

The compositions for violin and piano D 384, 385 and 408 were named Sonata in Schubert's autographs. They were named Sonatina when published posthumously as Op. 137 in 1836.Printed Music
D 384 Drei Sonatinen für Piano-Forte und Violine (op. post. 137,1)D 385 Drei Sonatinen für Piano-Forte und Violine (op. post. 137,2)
an
D 408 Drei Sonatinen für Piano-Forte und Violine (op. post. 137,3)
at Since these works are modest in size—rather to be compared to List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart#Violin music, Mozart's violin sonatas than to List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven#Violin sonatas, Beethoven's—the "Sonatina" diminutive stuck to them.

No. 1 in D major, D 384

Schubert wrote "März 1816" (March 1816) on the autograph score of his Sonata for Violin and Piano in D major (D 384). The sonata has three movements: # Allegro molto # Andante # Allegro vivace

No. 2 in A minor, D 385

Titled "Sonata II" and dated March 1816 in the autograph, the Sonata for Violin and Piano in A minor (D 385) has four movements: # Allegro moderato # Andante # Minuet, Menuetto: Allegro # Allegro

No. 3 in G minor, D 408

Schubert dated the Sonata for Violin and Piano in G minor (D 408) April 1816 in the autograph, and titled it "Sonata III". The sonata has four movements: # Allegro giusto # Andante # Menuetto: Allegro vivace # Allegro moderato

Duo in A major, D 574

There is no extant autograph of the Sonata for Violin and Piano in A major, D 574, but there is an early manuscript copy titling the work as ''Sonate'', and indicating its time of composition as August 1817. It was named Duo when published as Op. 162 in 1851. It has four movements: # Allegro moderato # Scherzo: Presto # Andantino # Allegro vivace

Rondo (1826) and Fantasy (1827)

Both the Rondo in B minor, D 895, and the Fantasy in C major, D 934, were apparently composed for the Czech violist Josef Slavík and the pianist Carl Maria von Bocklet: they performed these works before Schubert's death in November 1828.

''Rondeau brillant'', D 895

In his autograph, dated October 1826, Schubert indicated as "Rondo". It was published in April 1827 by Artaria as the composer's Op. 70, titled ''Rondeau brillant''. The composition is in B minor and has two sections: an introductory Andante followed by an Allegro in sonata rondo form.

Fantasy in C major, D 934

For the Fantasy in C major, D 934, which was composed in December 1827, the name given by Schubert, ''Fantaisie'', corresponds with that of its first publication in 1850 as Op. 159.Autograph Scores: D 934 Fantasie in C (op. post. 159)
at Printed Music: D 934 Fantasie (op. post. 159)
at The work is in one movement with several sections: # Andante molto # Allegretto # Andantino #:This section consists of four variations on a variant of the tune of Schubert's lied . # Allegro vivace

Reception

The Rondo in B minor, D 895, was performed by Josef Slavík and Carl Maria von Bocklet at music publisher Artaria, Domenico Artaria's, in Schubert's presence, probably early 1827. At the time, the work was well received. According to a note written by Joseph Joachim in October 1857, he had performed this work with Marie Wieck. Documented 19th-century public performances include: * 20 January 1828: Fantasy, D 934, premiered by Josef Slavík and Carl Maria von Bocklet in the Landhaussaal in Vienna. A contemporary critic was dismissive about the work for its length. * 21 October 1862 and 2 December 1867: Rondo Brillant, Op. 70, in the Gewandhaus (Leipzig). With the piano part orchestrated by Ferdinand David (musician), Ferdinand David, this piece was performed in the same venue on New Year's Day 1872.Alfred Dörffel. "Statistik der Concerte im Saale des Gewandhauses zu Leipzig
p. 64
i
''Geschichte der Gewandhausconcerte zu Leipzig vom 25. November 1781 bis 25. November 1881: Im Auftrage der Concert-Direction verfasst''.
Leipzig, 1884. * 7 February 1864: Fantasie, Op. 159, in the Gewandhaus (Leipzig). * 3 March 1864: first public performance of Duo, Op. 162, in the Musikverein (Vienna). The publication of Schubert's works for violin and piano had started in 1827 and was completed quarter of a century later. The pieces were recorded in the 20th and 21st century.

Publication

The Franz Schubert's Works, 19th-century collected edition published Schubert's compositions for piano and one other instrument in its eighth series in 1886, edited by Ignaz Brüll. The first six pieces in that volume were Schubert's compositions for violin and piano, all of which had been published before:Ignaz Brüll (editor). Franz Schubert's Werke, Series VIII: ''scores:Franz Schubert's Werke (Schubert, Franz)#VIII. Pianoforte und Ein Instrument, Partitur und Stimmen, Pianoforte und Ein Instrument''. Breitkopf & Härtel, 1886 * 1827, published by Artaria, Artaria & Co.: Rondo in B minor for violin and piano, D 895 (Schubert), ''Rondeau Brillant'', Op. 70 (D 895) * 1836, published by Diabelli, Diabelli & Co.: ''Drei Sonatinen für Piano-Forte und Violine'', Op. posth. 137 (D 384, 385 and 408) * 1850, published by Diabelli & Co.: Fantasy for violin and piano (Schubert), ''Fantasie'', Op. posth. 159 (D 934) * 1851, published by Diabelli & Co.: Violin Sonata in A major, D 574 (Schubert), ''Duo (en La) pour Piano et Violon'', Op. posth. 162 (D 574) Series VI, Volume 8 of the New Schubert Edition, published in 1970, contained the same works as series VIII of the 19th-century collected edition, but presented them in chronological order of composition.

Recordings

Recordings grouping all six of Schubert's compositions for violin and piano: * 1955: ''Schubert: Complete Works for Violin & Piano''. Johanna Martzy (violin) and Jean Antonietti (piano). Testament SBT2 1468 (2 CD box). * 1964: ''Schubert: Complete Music for Violin and Piano''. György Pauk (violin) and Peter Frankl (piano). Brilliant Classics 95115 (2 CD box).''Schubert: Complete Music for Violin and Piano''.
Brilliant Classics, 2015. * 1984: ''Schubert: Complete Works for Violin and Piano''. Gérard Poulet (violin) and Noël Lee (piano). Arion ARN 268006 (2 CD box). * 1988: ''Schubert: 3 Sonatinas, Op. posth. 137; Duo, Op. 162; Rondo, Op. 70; Fantaisie, Op. posth. 159''. Isaac Stern (violin) and Daniel Barenboim (piano). Sony Classical S2K 44504 (2 CD box). Re-issued in ''Daniel Barenboim: A Retrospective'' (Sony Classical 889853936328, box with 43 CDs and 3 DVDs). * 1988–1989: ''Schubert: Die Kammermusik für Violine''. Edith Peinemann (violin) and Leonard Hokanson (piano). (2 CD box). * 1989: ''Schubert: The Complete Works for Violin and Piano''. Jaime Laredo (violin) and Stephanie Brown (piano). Brilliant Classics 92275 (2 CD box).Jonathan Woolf
"Franz Schubert: Complete works for Violin and Piano"
at , 2004 * 1990–1991: ''Schubert: Violin Works''. Gidon Kremer (violin), Oleg Maisenberg (piano: Op. 137; 1991) and Valery Afanassiev (piano: D 574, 895 and 934; 1990). Deutsche Grammophon (in 4 CD box). * 2009: ''Schubert: Complete Works for Violin and Piano''. Julia Fischer (violin) and Martin Helmchen (piano). Pentatone (record label), Pentatone. * 2012: ''Schubert: Complete Works for Violin and Piano''. Alina Ibragimova (violin) and Cédric Tiberghien (piano). Hyperion Records, Hyperion CDA67911/2 (2 CD box). * 2014: ''Schubert: Chamber Works''. Tasmin Little (violin) and Piers Lane (piano). (2 CD box).

References

Sources

External links

* {{Authority control Chamber music by Franz Schubert, Violin and piano Lists of compositions by Franz Schubert, Violin, Piano Compositions for violin and piano