Sarayönü Square
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Sarayönü ( el, Πλατεία του Σεραγίου), officially Atatürk Square ( tr, Atatürk Meydanı; el, Πλατεία Ατατούρκ, links=no), is a square in
North Nicosia North Nicosia or Northern Nicosia ( tr, Kuzey Lefkoşa ; el, Βόρεια Λευκωσία) is the capital and largest city of the ''de facto'' state of Northern Cyprus. It is the northern part of the divided city of Nicosia, and is governed by ...
. It is the centre of the Turkish part of the city and was the administrative center of the island for centuries. The Turkish Cypriot central
Law Courts A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance ...
, the Nicosia Post Office, as well as a police station and a number of banks in the square. The thoroughfare of Girne Avenue ends in the square. The Ottoman governor's mansion, originally a Lusignan, and later Venetian palace, also stood in the south west of the square, before it was destroyed by the British in early 20th century.


Name

The name "Sarayönü", meaning "the front of the palace" has been commonly used for a long time. The square was reportedly known as "Orduönü Square" before the 18th century. Giovannia Mariti wrote in 1767 that the square was called " Saray Square" by the local population. The first British administrative records mention the square as "Serai Eunu Meidanlik" ("Sarayönü Meydanlığı", Sarayönü Square) and "Hioukioumet Konaghi Meidani" ("Hükümet Konağı Meydanı", Government House Square). The name was then switched to "Konak Square" ("Mansion Square") prior to the last years of British sovereignty on the island. The square was officially renamed "Atatürk Square" after Turkish statesman Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1943 by the Nicosia Municipality under Themistoklis Dervis. According to the contemporary Turkish Cypriot newspaper ''Söz'', the change was greeted with appreciation by the Turkish Cypriot community and helped Dervis boost his popularity prior to the upcoming elections.


History


Lusignan and Venetian era

A defining feature of the square was the royal palace constructed by the
Lusignan The House of Lusignan ( ; ) was a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries duri ...
dynasty until its demolition. It was originally constructed as the house of Sir Hugh de la Baume, the Constable of Cyprus, but the royal family decided to move into the house following the burning of their second royal palace by the
Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
s. The move occurred in 1427 after some alterations and the building became the third Lusignan royal palace in Nicosia. The place where the Venetian Column stands today was occupied by raspberry trees when the Lusignan palace was constructed. When the
Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
captured Cyprus in 1489, the palace was modified and kept actively used as the mansion of the governor. It was called "Palazzo del Governo" by the Venetians. It was during the Venetian period, in 1550, that the Venetian column was transported to the square and erected with a Lion of St. Mark placed on its top to symbolize Venetian dominance. It was also reported that the square was home to a Carmelite church during this period.


Ottoman era

In 1570, following the fall of Nicosia during the
Ottoman conquest of Cyprus Ottoman is the Turkish spelling of the Arabic masculine given name Uthman ( ar, عُثْمان, ‘uthmān). It may refer to: Governments and dynasties * Ottoman Caliphate, an Islamic caliphate from 1517 to 1924 * Ottoman Empire, in existence fro ...
, a last pocket of resistance continued in the palace, as the governor and his men kept fighting. The Ottoman commander,
Lala Mustafa Pasha Lala Mustafa Pasha ( – 7 August 1580), also known by the additional epithet ''Kara'', was an Ottoman Bosnian general and Grand Vizier from the Sanjak of Bosnia. Life He was born around 1500, near the Glasinac in Sokolac Plateau in Bosnia t ...
, called for the surrender of the palace, which the Venetians complied with. This was followed by the slaughter of the Venetiann governor and other members of the city elite. On 5 November 1764, another bloody incident happened in the square as the people of Cyprus attacked the palace to kill the governor Çil Osman Ağa and his 18 men for the higher taxes that they demanded. The Ottoman rule saw several developments in the square. The palace was modified again and kept being used as the governor's mansion. Information regarding the structure of the building at this time has been retrieved from contemporary land title archives and the accounts of A.L. Salvator, who visited the city in 1873. The mansion had two floors and a rectangular shape. After the gates, an arched gateway led to a yard surrounded by porticoes, where a well and a large tree used for executions could be found. In the upper floor, some rooms were reserved for the personal use of the governor, while some were used as his offices. The ground floor was used as further offices, a barn and the central prison. The palace extended to cover almost the half of the present-day square, while the Venetian Column was located at the yard of the Sarayönü Mosque, with a raspberry tree at its modern-day place. The old Latin Carmelite church was converted into the Sarayönü Mosque, also known as the Orduönü Masjid ( tr, Orduönü Mescidi). Its exterior displayed arched
Gothic architecture Gothic architecture (or pointed architecture) is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It ...
, while its interior reflected classical Ottoman architecture. The Sarayönü
madrasa Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...
, a cemetery, a bazaar, law courts, a fountain, coffeehouses, an arsenal, a military hospital, coffeehouses, a Turkish bath and the Ottoman
qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...
's residence were built during the Ottoman period in the square. However, as the city's population grew, the military facilities were relocated outside the city and houses with classical Ottoman architecture, featuring
bay window A bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room. Types Bay window is a generic term for all protruding window constructions, regardless of whether they are curved or angular, or ...
s were built.


Features


Venetian column

The Venetian Column, which was transported from the ruins of Salamis, stands at the square. The column is made of granite and it is believed to have been aquarried from the temple of Zeus at Salamis. It was brought to Nicosia from Salamis in 1550 and was stored in the grounds of the "Sarayönü Mosque". It was placed in its current place in 1915 and then was decorated with an engraving at its base of the date it was brought to Nicosia and the date it was erected (1550 and 1915). In the north of the square, there is a fountain built during the Ottoman rule.


Fountain

The fountain at the square, which stands at the corner of the Law Courts, was built in the Ottoman period. Giovanni Mariti wrote of the fountain's existence in the 1760s, stating that it was well-supplied with water. The fountain was once supplied with water from the Arab Ahmet
water source Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. Thes ...
, but has not been functional for a long time. The fountain has an octagonal plan and has one fountain on every side, within niches. The fountain was covered by a frame supported by columns until the 1950s, but this frame was removed at that time. In 1976, the fountain was restored by the Turkish Cypriot Department of Antiquities.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarayonu Square Squares in Nicosia National squares Things named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk