Santo Antão Creole
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Santo Antão Creole, is the name given to the variant of
Cape Verdean Creole Cape Verdean Creole is a Portuguese-based creole languages, Portuguese-based creole language spoken on the islands of Cape Verde. It is also called or by its native speakers. It is the native creole language of virtually all Cape Verdeans and ...
spoken mainly in the
Santo Antão Island Santo ('saint' in various languages) may refer to: People * Santo (given name) * Santo (surname) * El Santo, Rodolfo Guzmán Huerta (1917–1984), Mexican wrestler and actor * Bob Santo or Santo, stage name of Ghanaian comedian John Evans Kwadwo ...
of
Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...
. It belongs to the Barlavento Creoles branch. It is ranked third of nine in the number of speakers and it is before Fogo and after the neighbouring São Vicente.


Characteristics

Besides the main characteristics of Barlavento Creoles the Santo Antão Creole has also the following ones: * The progressive aspect of the present is formed by putting ''tí tâ'' before the verbs: ''tí'' + ''tâ'' + V. * The adverb of negation used with verbs, adverbs and adjectives is ''n’''. Ex.: ''Mí n’ crê'' instead of ''M’ câ crê'' “I don’t want”. * The sounds and are palatalized to and when they are at the end of syllables. Ex.: ''fésta'' “party” pronounced instead of , ''gósga'' “tickles” pronounced instead of , ''més'' “more” pronounced instead of . * The stressed final sound is pronounced . Ex.: ''já'' instead of ''djâ'' “already”, ''lá'' instead of ''lâ'' “there”, and all the verbs that end by ''~â'', ''calcá'' instead of ''calcâ'' “to press”, ''pintchá'' instead of ''pintchâ'' “to push”, etc. * Palatalization of the stressed sound (oral or nasal) to in words that use to end by the sound . Ex.: ''ént’s'' instead of ''ánt's'' “before”, ''grénd’'' instead of ''gránd'' “big”, ''verdéd’'' instead of ''verdád’'' “truth”. Also with pronouns: ''penhé-m’'' instead of ''panhá-m’'' “to catch me”. * Palatalization of the pre-tonic sound (oral or nasal) to when the stressed syllable possesses a palatal vowel. Ex.: ''essím'' instead of ''assím'' “like so”, ''quebéça'' instead of ''cabéça'' “head”. Velarization of the pre-tonic sound (oral or nasal) to when the stressed syllable possesses a velar vowel. Ex.: ''cotchôrr’'' instead of ''catchôrr’'' “dog”, ''otúm'' instead of ''atúm'' “tuna”. * The diphthong (oral or nasal) is pronounced . Ex.: ''pé'' instead of ''pái'' “father”, ''mém'' instead of ''mãi'' “mother”. The diphthong (oral or nasal) is pronounced . Ex.: ''pó'' instead of ''páu'' “stick”, ''nõ'' instead of ''nãu'' “no”. * The sound (that originates from Portuguese , written “lh”) is represented by the sound : ''bói’'' instead of ''bódj’'' “dance (noun)”, ''ôi’'' instead of ''ôdj’'' “eye”, ''spêi’'' instead of ''spêdj’'' “mirror”. Between vowels that sound disappears: ''vé’a'' instead of ''bédja'' “old (feminine)”, ''o’á'' instead of ''odjâ'' “to see”, ''pá’a'' instead of ''pádja'' “straw”. When it is immediately after a consonant, it is represented by : ''m’liôr'' instead of ''m’djôr'' “better”, ''c’liêr'' instead of ''c’djêr'' “spoon”. * The sound disappears when it is between vowels. Ex.: ''go’áva'' instead of ''goiába'' “guava fruit”, ''mê’a'' instead of ''mêia'' “sock”, ''papá’a'' instead of ''papáia'' “papaw”. * The sound (that originates from old Portuguese, written “j” in the beginning of words) is totally represented by . Ex. ''já'' instead of ''djâ'' “already”, ''jantá'' instead of ''djantâ'' “to dine”, ''Jõ’'' instead of ''Djõ’'' “John”. * Some speakers pronounce the phonemes and as labialized and . * Existence of a certain kind of vocabulary (also existing in São Vicente) that does not exist in the other islands. Ex.: ''dançá'' instead of ''badjâ'' “to dance”, ''dzê'' instead of ''flâ'' “to say”, ''falá'' instead of ''papiâ'' “to speak”, ''guitá'' instead of ''djobê'' “to peek”, ''ruf’ná'' instead of ''fuliâ'' “to throw”, ''stód’'' instead of ''stâ'' “to be”, ''tchocá'' instead of ''furtâ'' “to steal”, ''tchúc’'' instead of ''pôrc’'' “pig”, etc.


Vocabulary


Grammar


Phonology


Alphabet


External links


a bilingual bar-pub site
in Santo Antão Crioulo and
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
.
''Os Lusíadas'' in Santo Antão Creole


(Tipedo e Tilobo) - traditional short story in Santo Antão Creol


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Santo Antao Creole Creole