Santa Marta de Penaguião (
or ) is a
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
municipality in the district of
Vila Real
Vila Real () is the capital and largest city of the Vila Real District, in the North region. It is also the seat of the Douro intermunicipal community and of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro historical province. The Vila Real municipality cover ...
, in the northern region of
Douro
The Douro (, , ; es, Duero ; la, Durius) is the highest-flow river of the Iberian Peninsula. It rises near Duruelo de la Sierra in Soria Province, central Spain, meanders south briefly then flows generally west through the north-west part o ...
. The population in 2011 was 7,356,
[Instituto Nacional de Estatística]
/ref> in an area of 69.28 km2.[Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país]
/ref>
History
The history of Santa Marta de Penaguião is affirmed by vestiges of the castros that have been discovered in Fontes, Lobrigos, Cumieira, Louredo and Medrões, which were settled prior to the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal.toponymy
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''toponyms'' ( proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...
in the region also presupposes the existences of tribal clans in this Douro valley region.[
The municipality of Santa Marta de Penaguião were part of the ''Terras de Penaguião'', an administrative division that existed during early Middle Ages (9th-10th century) that extended between the Douro and Corgo watersheds, including the Serra do Marão and the ''Terras de Panóias'' (today Vila Real).][ Comprehensively, this included the current municipality, in addition to portions of the municipalities of Peso da Régua and Vila Real.][
During the reign of Afonso Henriques the region was governed by Moço Viegas, son of Egas Moniz.][
King Sancho I issued a charter ( pt, foral) in 1202, and King Manual I re-issued a new foral on 15 December 1519.][ The forals provided detailed explanations of the rights, privileges and responsibilities of the local landowners, covered within the limits of the municipality.][
During the 17th-18th century there was a marked increase in the homes, estates, churches and patrimony constructed in the municipality, while documents refer to expensive land rents obtained by seigneurial landowners.][ This was primarily due to export of wine and the cultivation of vineyards, which occupied a great part of the terraced landholdings of the local gentlemen. This success also brought a lot of opportunism, the mixing of castes, and later, the collapse of wine sales, as the quality deteriorated. In order to overcome these problems, and in order to rejuvenate exports, (through the influence of the ]friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders founded in the twelfth or thirteenth century; the term distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the ...
João de Mansilha and the Marquess of Pombal), King Joseph signed into existence (10 September 1756) the ''Companhia Geral de Agricultura das Vinhas do Alto Douro''.[
This company improved the production of wine sales in the Douro valley, establishing a Demarcated Export product with specific quality expectations: wines that could not meet these levels of quality could not be sold as "Douro Wines". The ''Companhia Geral'' was also responsible for affixing similar ''demarcation'' to the Porto Wine, before any non-Douro brands began appearing in Europe.][
In the 19th century, through the administrative reforms, and owing to the regions importance to the Demarcated Region of the Douro, Santa Marta retained its municipal status.][
]
Geography
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes ('' freguesias''):
Notable people
* António Osório Sarmento de Figueiredo Jr. (1855–1935) a nobleman, jurist, politician and magistrate.
* Eurico Gomes
Eurico Monteiro Gomes (born 29 September 1955), known simply as Eurico in his playing days, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a central defender, and is a manager.
He started out at Benfica and later played for Sp ...
(born 1955) known as ''Eurico'', a former footballer with 313 club caps and 38 for Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Marta de Penaguiao
Municipalities of Vila Real District
Towns in Portugal