The Sangiric languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in

North Sulawesi North Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the Minahasa Peninsula of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. It borders the Philippine province of Davao Occidental and Soccsks ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

and several small islands to the north which belong to the Philippines. They are classified as a branch of the

Philippine The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

subgroup.

Classification

The following classification scheme is from

James Sneddon James Neil Sneddon is an Australian linguist who specializes in Indonesian and languages of Sulawesi. Education He studied Linguistics and Indonesian at the University of Sydney. In 1974, he obtained a doctorate from the Australian National Uni ...

(1984:57). *North Sangiric **

Talaud The Talaud Islands ( Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Talaud'') also spelled Talaur or Talaut, are a group of islands situated about 225 miles (360 km) northeast of Sulawesi, in Indonesia, north-east of the Sangihe Islands. The Talaud Islands are ...

** Sangirese (two variants: ''Sangir'' in Indonesia and ''Sangil'' in the Philippines) *South Sangiric **

Bantik Bantik is an endangered Austronesian language, perhaps a Philippine language, of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is the traditional language of the Bantik people, who are now switching to Manado Malay (the local variety of Malay) as their lang ...

Ratahan Ratahan (also Toratán) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sulawesi North Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the Minahasa Peninsula of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of S ...

The North Sangiric languages are spoken in the Sangir and Talaud archipelagos of

just north of

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

, as well as the

Sarangani Islands Sarangani, officially the Municipality of Sarangani ( ceb, Lungsod sa Sarangani; tl, Bayan ng Sarangani), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Davao Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 22,515 p ...

of the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

just south of

Mindanao Mindanao ( ) ( Jawi: مينداناو) is the second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the island is part of an island group of ...

. The South Sangiric languages are spoken in scattered locations on the northern tip of

. Bantik is spoken in the

Manado Manado () is the capital City status in Indonesia, city of the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of North Sulawesi. It is the second largest city in Sulawesi after Makassar, with the 2020 Census giving a population of 451,916 distribu ...

region, while Ratahan is spoken just south of Lake Tondano.

Reconstruction

Proto-Sangiric (PSan) has been reconstructed by Sneddon (1984).

Phonology

The exact phonetic nature of *R is unclear. Its reflexes are Sangil , Sangir, Ratahan , Talaud , Bantik zero. Sneddon speculates that it may have been a coarticulated apical trill with velar friction, which is the usual realization of Sangil .

Vocabulary

The comparison table (a small selection from ) illustrates the correspondences between the Sangiric languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Sangiric innovations.

References

External links

Sangiric
at ''

Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensiv ...