San José Chinantequilla
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

San José Chinantequilla is a Mexican community by the state of Oaxaca, in the municipality of
Totontepec Villa de Morelos Totontepec Villa de Morelos is a small village and municipality, in the Sierra Mixe district of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is located some 1840 metres above sea level and some 326 km from the state capital, Oaxaca de Juárez. In spite o ...
located in the mixe district, is located in the sierra norte. It was founded by migrants from
Guanajuato Guanajuato (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guanajuato ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Guanajuato), is one of the 32 states that make up the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 46 municipalities and its capital city i ...
in 1913. In 1920, it joined the municipality of
Totontepec Villa de Morelos Totontepec Villa de Morelos is a small village and municipality, in the Sierra Mixe district of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is located some 1840 metres above sea level and some 326 km from the state capital, Oaxaca de Juárez. In spite o ...
first called "Chinantequilla" name in 1969 was replaced by the "San Jose Chinantequilla", derived from the chinanteco which means ''A bank of Grass.'' In mixe is written ''M³eviam'' and the meaning of the name is the same, the municipality is located about 162 km from the state capital.


Toponymy

The name comes from the name chinantec ''Chinan'' meaning "shore", ''Qiya'' meaning in Spanish grass, common plant in this region, the suffix "te" is equivalent to ''tepec'' which means "place" in an abbreviated form. Phonetically, it would read the glyph as ''Chinan-te-quiya'', i.e. "on the edge of grass." In ''Cojum'', an adaptation of mixe language is written Käjpen Mëeviam means ''At the edge of the hill of grass.''


History

The origin of this population is unknown as well as other mixe communities as it had recorded little data about the history of this community, researchers assume that was one of the last people to get to the mixe region, so it is considered a "young poblation". There is a theory of the origin of this town which recounts the arrival of migrants from the
Guanajuato Guanajuato (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guanajuato ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Guanajuato), is one of the 32 states that make up the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 46 municipalities and its capital city i ...
who settled in this place, then this area belonged to the community of Santiago Amatepec having as neighbors and former foes, the Chinanteco who lived in the territory of
San Juan Comaltepec San Juan Comaltepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 163.31 km². It is part of the Choapam District in the south of the Papaloapan Region The Cuenca del Papaloapan Region is in the ...
with whom he had several years of fighting for dominance of this same territory that ends with the arrival of Ignacio Franco, a law graduate, who held a talk with the then ruler of Amatepec this he proposed to grant the territory of present Chinantequilla (which was in dispute) if they helped him back, made after a lawsuit that lasted about a year solving rule favorably on the request of Santiago Amatepec finally May 13, 1913 was granted a certificate to Ignacio Franco in which ceded the territory of what is now Chinantequilla known as San José Chinantequilla. Currently Mixes are considered as a warlike people, who held both the Zapotec struggles, as the Mixtec, gave the Spanish fight for what they are called "the unconquered." On June 25, 1920. The XXXIV Legislature of the State of Oaxaca issued Decree No. 194 which "grants category Municipal Agency, part of the municipality of
Totontepec Villa de Morelos Totontepec Villa de Morelos is a small village and municipality, in the Sierra Mixe district of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is located some 1840 metres above sea level and some 326 km from the state capital, Oaxaca de Juárez. In spite o ...
, the village called Chinantequilla."


Geography

San Jose Chinantequilla is located northeast of Oaxaca and on top of the
Sierra Mixe The Sierra Mixe or Mixes District is a district in the east of the Sierra Norte Region of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It comprises 17 municipalities and covers 4,930 km2 at an average elevation of 1,200 meters above sea level. As of 2005 the dis ...
, part of the Sierra Norte Region and Mixe District, belongs the municipality of
Totontepec Villa de Morelos Totontepec Villa de Morelos is a small village and municipality, in the Sierra Mixe district of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is located some 1840 metres above sea level and some 326 km from the state capital, Oaxaca de Juárez. In spite o ...
has an area of approximately 6.9 square kilometers, which represents 0.9% of the total territory of the Mixe District. It lies between latitudes 17 ° 15 '- 17 ° 12' north latitude and 96 ° 02 '- 96 ° 09' west longitude, the altitude of its territory lies 1 000 to 1300 meters above sea level. Chinantequilla is located in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca and is part of the extension of the
Sierra Madre Oriental The Sierra Madre Oriental () is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that f ...
so it is located on a hillside. Currently have facilitated means of communication in this area, which was previously very difficult to access.


Topography and hydrography

Nestled in one of the highest in the
Sierra Mixe The Sierra Mixe or Mixes District is a district in the east of the Sierra Norte Region of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It comprises 17 municipalities and covers 4,930 km2 at an average elevation of 1,200 meters above sea level. As of 2005 the dis ...
, the territory of San Jose is extremely rugged Chinantequilla, crossed by large mountains that make it difficult terrestrial communications, the main elevation of this area is the called Cerro Cotton at a height of about 1.396 meters above sea level, important for its historical and cultural value. There are several springs of water in the rainy season that are not used, the rivers of this area arrive at the basin the '' Rio Papaloapan'' and the sub-basin ''K 2832''.


Climate

San Jose Chinantequilla is lying on a fertile soil with varied climates ranging from semi-warm and temperate sub-humid with summer rains, with rainfall 2,500 to 3,000 millimeters. In this community, located in the Northern Highlands, the average temperature ranges from 17
°C The degree Celsius is the unit of temperature on the Celsius scale (originally known as the centigrade scale outside Sweden), one of two temperature scales used in the International System of Units (SI), the other being the Kelvin scale. The ...
to 32 °C.


Natural Resources


Flora

The vegetation presents Chinantequilla territory is varied due to the range of altitudes above sea level available, it allows for a wide variety of vegetation, for example in the highest part of the vegetation is
cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud c ...
characteristic of mountain s covered
mist Mist is a phenomenon caused by small droplets of water suspended in the cold air, usually by condensation. Physically, it is an example of a dispersion. It is most commonly seen where water vapor in warm, moist air meets sudden cooling, such a ...
, there is also the presence of secondary forest tree, in the presence of pines and oaks, at the bottom there bat eagle,
strawberry The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; ''Fragaria × ananassa'') is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus '' Fragaria'', collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. The fruit is widely ap ...
,
sweetgum ''Liquidambar'', commonly called sweetgum (star gum in the UK), gum, redgum, satin-walnut, or American storax, is the only genus in the flowering plant family Altingiaceae and has 15 species. They were formerly often treated in Hamamelidaceae ...
, among others. As for vegetation grown there is the presence of flower is like lily, gladiola, hydrangea, tulip, bougainvillea,
geranium ''Geranium'' is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in ...
, alcatraz and aretillo. Not to mention the vegetables and fruit trees that are part of the vegetation community as maize, smells at night, popuchu, quintoniles, squash, mustard, chard, orange,
banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ...
, sweet lemon, black sapote, sapodilla, avocado, loquat, tangerine, peach and coffee for this crop is usually managed under shade (trees that used for shade are: banana, orange and cedar).


Fauna

The fauna of this area is varied. Due to conservation in some communities, its forests are rich in wildlife with a great diversity of wildlife. In some areas, these animals are threatened by the destruction of natural ecosystems, although hunting of animals remains free because there are animals that damage crops. Listed below are the wild animals that can be found in Chinantequilla:
Squirrel Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels. Squ ...
, brocket, badger, pig bird turkey, tepescuintle,
armadillo Armadillos (meaning "little armored ones" in Spanish) are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata. The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along wi ...
,
fox Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright, triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or ''brush''). Twelve sp ...
, raccoon, tiger,
opossum Opossums () are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia () endemic to the Americas. The largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere, it comprises 93 species in 18 genera. Opossums originated in South America and entered North ...
, gopher,
ocelot The ocelot (''Leopardus pardalis'') is a medium-sized spotted wild cat that reaches at the shoulders and weighs between on average. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Two subspecies are recognized. It is native to the southwes ...
,
hawk Hawks are bird of prey, birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are widely distributed and are found on all continents except Antarctica. * The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks and others. Th ...
,
heron The herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genera ''Botaurus'' and ''Ixobrychus ...
, snakes coral snake and sleepy parrot and panther.


Demography

According to the results of ''Census of Population and Housing'' 2010 by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, the population of San Jose Chinantequilla is 507 inhabitants, of which 254 are men and 253 are women; so that 51% of the population are males, the rate population growth 2005 in 2010 was 4.2%, 46.6% of residents are under 15 years of age, while between that age and 84 years is 53.4% of the residents, and 91.7% of residents over age five are speakers of an Indian language.National Institute of Statistics and Geograph
Oaxaca. Selected indicators of population by municipality, 2010
Retrieved 06.09.2011
In 2010 this figure equates to a total of 416 inhabitants, of whom 204 are men and 197 women, 400 are bilingual to the Spanish, 5 are monolingual and 11 do not specify the condition of bilingualism. Of the 416 indigenous language speakers, 411 are of mixe, 4 zapotec and 1 mixtec In addition, 12 did not specify which their mother tongue.


Administrative organization

San Jose Chinantequilla is an agency within the municipality of Totontepec Villa de Morelos, this is one of the 424 Oaxacan municipalities to govern their government the system called customs and traditions, whereby the choice and operation of the municipal authorities do not stick to the political systems in the rest of state and the country but to the ancient traditions of inhabitants of the region, adhering to their culture, the city agency is made up of municipal police officer, an alderman who is in charge of organizing the traditional festivals and ''Secretary,'' which controls documentation, all these activities are regulated
Totontepec Villa de Morelos Totontepec Villa de Morelos is a small village and municipality, in the Sierra Mixe district of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is located some 1840 metres above sea level and some 326 km from the state capital, Oaxaca de Juárez. In spite o ...
.


Economic activities

Economic activities that are practiced in this community include: production and marketing of the primary sector. Most of the inhabitants of this municipality is engaged in agriculture involving the cultivation of corn, beans, bananas, fruit and vegetable production as well as brandy.


Social infrastructure


Education

The municipality has the following schools: A kindergarten level has a staff. At the primary level has a federal type institution. At the secondary level has a
Telesecundaria ''Telesecundaria'' is a system of distance education programs for secondary and high school students created by the government of Mexico and available in rural areas of the country as well as Central America, South America, Canada and the United ...
.


Abast

It has no public or flea markets so that people are supplied by the surrounding street market, commodities are purchased in small miscellaneous blocks.


Sports

The main sport practised in the area is basketball, and it has 2 courts at the agency.


Housing

According to the results presented in the Second Census of Population and Housing in 2010, the municipality has a total of 440 houses of which 382 are inhabited.


Local cuisine

The cuisine of San Jose Chinantequilla is extremely rich and varied, combining the main ingredients of Indian and Mexican cuisine. All these dishes have been passed from generation to generation and are an indelible part of the mixe culture in general. among Oaxacan dishes include: Machuco Pumpkin Seed It is made with a tortilla dough a little thicker than the common, once cooked is placed on a plate is crushed until it crumbles and add a sauce made from roasted pumpkin seeds, tomato, onion and green chile is accompanied with a little cheese. Quebrajado de Plátano It is a dish prepared with beans and plantains, beans once cooked pieces are added green plantain chips off and chopped green chile, stir to form a homogeneous mixture thickens and is served in a bowl, the company with corn or banana and quelites. Dried beef broth with chicken Prepare a broth with dried beef that is very common in this area and chicken, the process is like any traditional broth you can add various vegetables, once cooked ingredients are usually accompanied with ''Puñete'' that only a tamale made with corn and a little salt can also be simple. Champurrado. This drink is known for using the dough with preparing the tortillas. Breaks down in a little water and then strain. Boil and chocolate with sugar added. The recipe is originally from Oaxaca and enjoyed in the festivities of this population. Other dishes, snacks and drinks prepared in this community among which are: tamales of mole, beans, chicken and topotillo which is a kind of fish, memela, it is also customary tepache cane, panela gruel, coffee and liquor.


Culture and traditions


Feast day of the dead

The celebration of the Day of the Dead in San Jose Chinantequilla is popular in a ceremony that is believed to invoke the spirits of the ancestors, asking them to "live" in the underworld, so it seeks to entertain the more attentive to an offering. The first of November is "to bring the dead", the custom is to give to relatives and family friends a gifted sample the food that make the offering of the dead. Delivery is door to door. This day has been honored the "angels", i.e. the relatives who died as children. On November 2 they worship the deceased adults. All Saints and All Souls are occasions for the villagers perform their ancestral customs. Some pray for their families past, some going to the cemeteries to decorate graves in cemeteries that remain, preparing the altar and killed.


Celebrations employer

The festivals celebrated in Chinantequilla days are December 12 in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe, December 24 in honor of
Jesus of Nazareth Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...
and May 11 in honor of
San José San José or San Jose (Spanish for Saint Joseph) most often refers to: *San Jose, California, United States *San José, Costa Rica, the nation's capital San José or San Jose may also refer to: Places Argentina * San José, Buenos Aires ** San ...
, in these celebrations are interpreted as different dances: Dance of Negritos, Dance of the Moors and Christians and Dance of the Conquest as well as traditional songs. The music includes arias, funeral marches, danzones
bolero Bolero is a genre of song which originated in eastern Cuba in the late 19th century as part of the trova tradition. Unrelated to the older Spanish dance of the same name, bolero is characterized by sophisticated lyrics dealing with love. It has ...
s, Chilean, peteneras, waltzes, and cumbias.


References

* Address general population of Oaxaca (CONAPO), Department of Population Research. * DIGEPO-CONAPO, Oaxaca 2000 and 2010. * General Census of Population and Housing 2005, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics. * 1:50,000 scale topographic maps; E14D49, E15C41, E14D59 And E15C51, National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics. * Agroecology and Sustainable Development, 2nd. International Seminar on Agro ecology. Chapingo, Mexico 1995. * The Municipal and Rural Development - First meeting of mayors, Mexico City, November 2001.


Notes


External links

;San Jose Chinantequilla in other Wikimedia projects. * ;San Jose Chinantequilla on Internet. * *{{facebook, 138973886141484 Populated places in Oaxaca