Samuel Squire

Samuel Squire (1714 – 7 May 1766) was a Bishop of the Church of England and a historian.

Early life

Squire was the son of a druggist in Warminster, Wiltshire, and was first educated at Lord Weymouth's Grammar School. He matriculated at St John's College, Cambridge in 1730 and graduated BA in 1734, winning the Craven scholarship the same year. He was elected a fellow of St John's in 1735, proceeded MA in 1737, and was made a Doctor of Divinity in 1749.Reed Browning,
Squire, Samuel (bap. 1714, d. 1766)
, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved 21 June 2009.

Ecclesiastical career

Squire began his church career in 1739 when he was ordained a deacon of the Church of England; he was ordained priest in 1741, in which year he was appointed vicar of Minting, Lincolnshire. In 1743 was made a canon of Wells Cathedral, and Archdeacon of Bath, holding both preferments until 1761. Adding to his growing number of parish livings, he was appointed rector of Toppesfield, Essex (1749–50) and subsequently of St Anne's Church, Soho (1750–66), and vicar of St Alphege's, Greenwich (1751–66), where William Paley, who later achieved fame as a theologian and philosopher, served as his curate. He was briefly Dean of Bristol (1760) and was finally appointed Bishop of St David's in 1761. His attainment of offices was due to his open attachment to the court Whigs; he was chaplain to the Duke of Newcastle, whose use of patronage for the court Whig interest was renowned.

Published works

In the 1740s Squire published five essays on political subjects in which he voiced his support for the Whig party. His ''Letter to a Young Gentleman of Distinction'' (1740) argued for the benefits of a standing army against a militia to protect Britain in its wars against France and Spain. Squire advocated Britain's continental commitment of troops in ''The Important Question Discussed'' (1746). He came to the aid of Henry Pelham's administration by trumpeting its Whig principles in ''A Letter to a Tory Friend'' (1746). Squire also disputed the arguments of the Jacobite historian Thomas Carte by publishing two pamphlets in 1748: ''Remarks upon Mr. Carte's Specimen'' and ''A Letter to John Trot-Plaid''. In the ''Remarks'', Squire used natural law theory to contend against Carte's support of the House of Stuart, and in ''A Letter'' he satirised Carte by mocking his interpretation of the past in terms of the present.

Squire also published two works on English history, ''An Enquiry into the Foundation of the English Constitution'' (1745) and ''Historical Essay upon the Balance of Civil Power in England'' (1748). In ''An Enquiry'', Squire wrote on the German and Anglo-Saxon love of liberty and constitutionalism. In his ''Historical Essay'', Squire wrote that liberty depended upon an equipoise among competing institutions and groups in society, suggesting that whenever such an equipoise collapses an arbitrary government takes its place. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 had ended the struggle to secure a balance and thus ensure liberty.

In May 1746 Squire was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society as: "A Gentleman well known to the Learned World by Several valuable Treatises, perticularly 'Two Essays on the Antient Greek Chronology' and 'On the Origin of the Greek Language'; A new Edition of Plutarch's Discourse on 'Isis & Osiris', with an English Translation & Commentary; and an 'Historical Essay on the Anglo-Saxon Government both in Germany & England'".

He died in Harley Street, Westminster.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Squire, Samuel
1714 births
1766 deaths
18th-century Welsh Anglican bishops
Archdeacons of Bath
Bishops of St Davids
Deans of Bristol
18th-century English historians
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
People educated at Lord Weymouth's Grammar School
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
People from Warminster