Samuel Scott Marshall (March 12, 1821 – July 26, 1890) was a

U.S. Representative The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they c ...

from

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...

Early life and education

Born near

Shawneetown, Illinois Shawneetown is a city in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,239 at the 2010 census, down from 1,410 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Gallatin County. Geography Shawneetown is located southeast of the cent ...

, Marshall attended public and private schools in

McLeansboro, Illinois McLeansboro () is a city in Hamilton County, Illinois, Hamilton County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,675 at the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census. The estimated population as of 2018 was 2,773. It is the county seat of Hamilto ...

, and Cumberland College, Kentucky. Marshall studied law.

Legal career

Marshall was

admitted to the bar An admission to practice law is acquired when a lawyer receives a license to practice law. In jurisdictions with two types of lawyer, as with barristers and solicitors, barristers must gain admission to the bar whereas for solicitors there are dist ...

in 1845 and commenced practice in McLeansboro, Illinois.

State political career

Marshall served as member of the

Illinois House of Representatives The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the current constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 re ...

in 1846 and 1847. He then served as State's attorney for the third judicial circuit of Illinois in 1847 and 1848.

First judgeship (1851–1854)

Marshall served as an Illinois circuit court judge from 1851 until 1854.

First tenure in the United States House of Representatives (1855–1859)

Marshall was elected as a

Democrat Democrat, Democrats, or Democratic may refer to: Politics *A proponent of democracy, or democratic government; a form of government involving rule by the people. *A member of a Democratic Party: **Democratic Party (United States) (D) **Democratic ...

to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses (serving March 4, 1855 – March 4, 1859). He served as chairman of the Committee on Claims during the

35th United States Congress The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, ...

1861 United States Senate candidacy

He was the candidate of his party for

United States Senator The United States Senate is the Upper house, upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives being the Lower house, lower chamber. Together they compose the national Bica ...

in 1861. He lost to

incumbent The incumbent is the current holder of an official, office or position, usually in relation to an election. In an election for president, the incumbent is the person holding or acting in the office of president before the election, whether seek ...

Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

Lyman Trumbull Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a lawyer, judge, and United States Senator from Illinois and the co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Born in Colchester, Connecticut, Trumbull esta ...

, with Trumbull receiving 54 votes in the

to Marshall's 46 votes on January 9, 1861. He also served as delegate to the

Democratic National Convention The Democratic National Convention (DNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 ...

1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusett ...

Second judgeship (1861–1864)

Marshall again served as an Illinois Circuit Court judge from 1861 until 1864. Marshall served as a delegate to the

1864 Democratic National Convention The 1864 Democratic National Convention was held at The Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois. The Convention nominated Major General George B. McClellan from New Jersey for president, and Representative George H. Pendleton of Ohio for vice president ...

Second tenure in the United States House of Representatives (1865–1875)

Marshall was elected to the

39th United States Congress The 39th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1865, ...

and to the four following Congresses (serving March 4, 1865 – March 4, 1875), and was the candidate of his party for

Speaker of the House The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hungerf ...

in 1867. He represented

Illinois's 11th congressional district The 11th congressional district of Illinois is represented by Democrat Bill Foster. Geographic boundaries 2011 redistricting From 1865 to 1867, the district included Bureau, LaSalle, Livingston and Woodford counties. From 1901 until 1947 th ...

for four terms and

Illinois's 19th congressional district The 19th congressional district of Illinois was a congressional district in Illinois. It was eliminated as a result of the 2010 US census, as population growth in Illinois was slower compared to other states. The district became obsolete for 2013 ...

for his final term. Marshall served as delegate to the

1866 National Union Convention The National Union Convention (also known as the Loyalist Convention, the Southern Loyalist Convention, the National Loyalists' Loyal Union Convention, or the Arm-In-Arm Convention) was held on August 14, 15, and 16 1866, in Philadelphia, Pennsylva ...

. During the

40th United States Congress The 40th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1867, ...

, Marshall served on the

House Committee on the Judiciary The U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, a ...

, which was conducting the first impeachment inquiry against President

Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a Dem ...

. On November 25, 1867, the committee voted 5–4 to recommend impeachment. Hinds was on the minority side opposing impeachment, along with the one other Democrat on the committee and two Republicans. On December 7, 1867, Marshall was joined by 108 other congressmen (including 66 members of the Republican Party in a full House vote which defeated the resolution put forward to impeach Johnson by 57–108. On January 28, 1868, Marshall voted against a resolution launching the second impeachment inquiry against Johnson, but the resolution passed 99–31. On December 7, 1867, Marshall voted against the

impeachment of Andrew Johnson The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was initiated on February 24, 1868, when the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution to impeach Andrew Johnson, the 17th president of the United States, for "high crimes and misdemeanors". T ...

, which the house passed 126–47. On March 2 and 3, 1968, Marshall voted against all eleven articles of impeachment. When it came time, on March 2, 1868, to vote on who to appoint as the House's impeachment managers (those House members that would prosecutors during the trial), Speaker Shuyler Colfax initially appointed Marshall to act as a teller to tally the vote. However, Marshall requested to be excused from this role, and he, along with the rest of the Democrats, ultimately abstained from voting on impeachment managers. Marshall was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in

1874 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes The Bronx. * January 2 – Ignacio María González becomes head of state of the Dominican Republic for the first time. * January 3 – Third Carlist War &ndas ...

to the

44th United States Congress The 44th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. ) , image_sk ...

Later career

Marshall served as a delegate to the

1880 Democratic National Convention The 1880 Democratic National Convention was held June 22 to 24, 1880, at the Music Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio, and nominated Winfield S. Hancock of Pennsylvania for president and William H. English of Indiana for vice president in the United Stat ...

. Marshall served as president of the board of managers of Hamilton College from 1875 through 1880.

Death

He died in McLeansboro, Illinois on July 26, 1890. He was interred in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marshall, Samuel Scott 1821 births 1890 deaths People from Shawneetown, Illinois Illinois state court judges Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois 19th-century American politicians 19th-century American judges