Samuel S. Blair
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Samuel Steel Blair (December 5, 1821 – December 8, 1890) was a
Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
United States Representative The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
. During the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...
, he called for increasingly harsh treatment against the southern states which had seceded from the
Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...
, saying: "This rebellion cannot be put down by soft words and lenient measures."


Formative years

Born in
Indiana, Pennsylvania Indiana is a borough in and the county seat of Indiana County in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The population was 13,564 at the 2020 census, and since 2013 has been part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. After being a long time par ...
on December 5, 1821, Blair was a product of his community's the public schools. He then attended and, in 1838, graduated from Jefferson College, in
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania Canonsburg is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania, southwest of Pittsburgh. Canonsburg was laid out by Colonel John Canon in 1789 and incorporated in 1802. The population was 9,735 at the 2020 census. The town lies in a rich coal distr ...
. After completing further studies in law, and securing admission to the bar in 1845, he began practicing law in
Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania Hollidaysburg is a borough in and the county seat of Blair County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located on the Juniata River, south of Altoona and is part of the Altoona, Pennsylvania, metropolitan statistical area. In 1900, 2,99 ...
in 1846. From 1849 until 1864, he practiced law in Hollidaysburg in partnership with
John Dean John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) is an American former attorney who served as White House Counsel for U.S. President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. Dean is known for his role in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal ...
, who later became a
Pennsylvania Supreme Court The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It also claims to be the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Ju ...
justice.


Political career

A member of the Republican Party in the United States, Blair was chosen to be a delegate to the
1856 Republican National Convention The 1856 Republican National Convention was a presidential nominating convention that met from June 17 to June 19 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the first national nominating convention of the Republican Party, which had been founded two ...
, and was elected to the
U.S. House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
in
1858 Events January–March * January – ** Benito Juárez (1806–1872) becomes Liberal President of Mexico. At the same time, conservatives install Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) as president. ** William I of Prussia becomes regen ...
and
1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusett ...
. During the Thirty-seventh Congress, Blair was named chairman of the United States House Committee on Private Lands. After unsuccessfully running for reelection in 1862, he resumed the practice of law. As the American Civil War wore on, Blair urged his colleagues in the federal government to eschew "soft words and lenient measures," and pressed them to adopt a harsher stance against the southern states that were deemed to be "in rebellion." In a lengthy speech before the U.S. House of Representatives on May 22, 1862, Blair said:
"Mr. Speaker, we are divided in opinion about many things connected with the war, there is one purpose, however, in which a majority of this House would seem to be nearly united, and that is that the Government of the United States shall not be curtailed in its extent of territorial jurisdiction by the surrender of one foot of its soil to the southern confederacy. The people will not tolerate a conventional separation of any portion of this Union from the rest. If this is not a part of our fixed policy, if we are not in solid earnest to this extent, not an hour should be lost before sending an ambassador to Richmond to close the war. There was a time when it did appear as if—while the people were to be amused by movements leading to no decisive results—a subtile policy would, after long delay terminate hostilities by the jugglery of a compromise. The gloomy apprehensions of such a disaster were fast seizing upon the public mind; but the recent successes of our arms, on many fields of heroic valor have lifted the burden from the heart of the nation, and set it once more on its way of promise and of hope. The rebellion is to be subdued by the Army, not by concessions to treason; by the earnestness of war, not by the chicane of diplomacy.
... It is impossible for us to be at peace with a power which takes slavery, the stone which our fathers rejected, and defiantly makes it the head of its corner.
The object of this war upon our part is to restore the authority of the Government wherever it has been displaced, to enable the people ultimately to return to State governments in the Union, and to the full enjoyments of all their rightful possessions; except in so far as they may be deprived of them by the shock of war in the effort to subdue the rebellion and prevent its recurrence. It is vain and foolish to expect or desire the original status of things as it was before the disturbances. We cannot expect the dead to rise from their bloody graves, nor homes once happy to spring up out of their ashes. For the losses of trade, of property of every kind taken, injured, or destroyed, there will be no recompense but in the lessons of wisdom they will teach; and when we see slavery gorged with the blood of the slain, and rioting in the havoc of war ... if the angels shall keep their vigils around about it, so that nothing in all the conflict shall do it harm, then must we, indeed, believe that it is a divine and sacred thing."
Blair went on in this speech to declare, "Slavery is the great primary cause" of the war, adding:
"It prompted the war, sustains and supports it, and it is waged for the openly avowed purpose of its perpetuation. No amount of sophistry can gainsay the truth of this proposition.... The monster is too gross, bald, and palpable to be concealed by all the disguises which ingenuity can weave. History will so write it down as plain truth.... I believe that unless we have the courage and the resolution to meet this enemy of our peace upon the square, and destroy it where it attempts to destroy us, another generation will not pass away till a new rebellion must be quelled, another debt of greater magnitude be added to the present, and the nation must again offer for sacrifice fresh hecatombs of her noble youth. We do not owe these troubles to any essential difference of sectional interests or of the character of the people. With all our diversity of soils, climates, and productions, we are truly homogeneous. The evils in which I am convinced are to be found the germs of the rebellion, would be just as manifest in Pennsylvania or Massachusetts, if slavery were there, as in Virginia or South Carolina.... The power given by law in any country, in any State, by which one man is permitted to own another as property is a tremendous one, and far transcending all other rights of property, it will always be, while human nature remains as it is, a stronger lever of social and political influence than all other interests....
It will be the pivot point of success for either party when it becomes wise enough to adopt the Madisonian idea of converting chattels into men....
There are those who look upon ... emancipation as evidence of our national decline and the decay of our constitutional liberty; but to me, Mr. Speaker, it is the surest evidence of our perpetuity as a nation."
Blair then went on to urge his colleagues to treat the seceded southern states as "a foreign Government of a thousand years' existence" that was at war with the United States, and pressed Congress to adopt "measures to pursue and destroy the enemy" and "destroy the southern confederacy." During the next major portion of his address, he then presented a lengthy discourse regarding the need for large-scale emancipation of the men, women and children who were still enslaved in the south, based on "the analogous belligerent right of confiscation of enemy's property," and advocated for passage of a new confiscation bill that would facilitate this emancipation before closing his oration with the following words:
"This rebellion cannot be put down with soft words and lenient measures. We extended the olive branch full too long, until our flag was disgraced and war commenced by the mad conspirators. We must, by all the means at our command, strike down the power of rebels to assail us, and then the work is done. They can build less iron-clad gunboats, now that we have Norfolk. They can cast less
columbiad The columbiad was a large-caliber, smoothbore, muzzle-loading cannon able to fire heavy projectiles at both high and low trajectories. This feature enabled the columbiad to fire solid shot or shell to long ranges, making it an excellent seacoas ...
s, build less steam-rams, and obtain less sugar to sweeten the bitter cup of treason, now that we have
New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans
; and when we have
Richmond Richmond most often refers to: * Richmond, Virginia, the capital of Virginia, United States * Richmond, London, a part of London * Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town in England * Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada * Richmond, California, ...
and Corinth, the back-bone of the rebellion will be broken.

The path of duty never shone so bright for a people as it does for us to-day. As we advance it grows brighter. The President's message recommending emancipation was the rending of the vail. The gift of freedom to a few poor, but oh! how grateful, recipients, has returned to bless the hearts of millions who bestowed it. A deed more rich in virtue, more fruitful in the approving of conscience, more blessed with the smiles of Almighty God, stands not on the records of this nation. The whole ample domain of the Territories will soon be declared free, and that for which we have labored for many years is about to be accomplished. I do not know how much may be affected by legislation to redeem a race from bondage whose enslavement is the crime for which we suffer. The providences of God are brought about through courses that are not always plain to mortal eye, and yet to them there is no "variableness of shadow of turning," and our path to-day lies by their side. Events are marching on. Happy is that people who blind not their eyes to the "cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night."
In 1874, Blair attempted to regain higher office, but was once again unsuccessful.


Death and interment

Blair died in Hollidaysburg and was interred in that community's Presbyterian Cemetery.Kerstenbaum, "Blair, Samuel Steel," ''The Political Graveyard''.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Blair, Samuel Steel 1821 births 1890 deaths Pennsylvania lawyers People from Indiana, Pennsylvania Washington & Jefferson College alumni American Presbyterians Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania 19th-century American politicians 19th-century American lawyers