Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976) was an American
historian noted for his works of maritime history and American history
that were both authoritative and popular. He received his Ph.D. from
Harvard University

Harvard University in 1912, and taught history at the university for
40 years. He won
Pulitzer Prizes

Pulitzer Prizes for Admiral of the Ocean Sea (1942),
a biography of Christopher Columbus, and John Paul Jones: A Sailor's
Biography (1959). In 1942, he was commissioned to write a history of
United States

United States naval operations in World War II, which was published in
15 volumes between 1947 and 1962. Morison wrote the popular Oxford
History of the American People (1965), and co-authored the classic
textbook The Growth of the American Republic (1930) with Henry Steele
Commager. Over the course of his distinguished career, Morison
received eleven honorary doctoral degrees, and garnered numerous
literary prizes, military honors, and national awards from both
foreign countries and the United States, including two Pulitzer
Prizes, two Bancroft Prizes, the Balzan Prize, the Legion of Merit,
and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[1]
Contents
1 Early life (1887–1912)
2 Scholar and historian (1913–1941)
3 Naval war service (1942–1952)
4 Later years (1953–1976)
5 Death and legacy
6 Criticism
6.1 Slavery
6.2 Battle of Savo Island
6.3 "Dago navy"
7 Honors and awards
8 Works
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Early life (1887–1912)[edit]
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison was born July 9, 1887, in Boston, Massachusetts,
to John Holmes Morison (1856–1911) and Emily Marshall (Eliot)
Morison (1857–1925). He was named for his maternal grandfather
Samuel Eliot—a historian, educator, and public-minded citizen of
Boston

Boston and Hartford, Connecticut. The Eliot family, which produced
generations of prominent American intellectuals, descended from Andrew
Eliot, who moved to
Boston

Boston in the 1660s from the English village of
East Coker. The most famous of this Andrew Eliot's direct descendants
was poet T.S. Eliot, who titled the second of his
Four Quartets

Four Quartets "East
Coker".[2]
Morison attended
Noble and Greenough School

Noble and Greenough School (1897–1901) and St.
Paul's (1901–1903) prior to entering Harvard University, where he
was a member of the Phoenix S K Club. At the age of fourteen, he
learned to sail, and soon after learned horsemanship—both skills
would serve him well in his later historical writings.[3] He earned
both a
Bachelor of Arts and
Master's degree from Harvard in 1908.
After studying at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques
(1908–1909), Morison returned to Harvard.
Scholar and historian (1913–1941)[edit]
Originally intending to major in mathematics until Albert Bushnell
Hart talked him into researching some papers of an ancestor stored in
his wine cellar,[4] Morison's Harvard dissertation was the basis for
his first book The Life and Letters of Harrison Gray Otis, Federalist,
1765–1848 (1913), which sold 700 copies. After earning his Ph.D. at
Harvard, Morison became an instructor in history at the University of
California, Berkeley in 1912. In 1915 he returned to Harvard and took
a position as an instructor. During
World War I

World War I he served as a private
in the US Army. He also served as the American Delegate on the Baltic
Commission of the Paris Peace Conference until June 17, 1919.[1]
In 1922–1925 Morison taught at
Oxford University

Oxford University as the first
Harmsworth Professor of American History.[5] In 1925 he returned to
Harvard, where he was appointed a full professor. One of several
subjects that fascinated Morison was the history of New England. As
early as 1921 he published The Maritime History of Massachusetts,
1783-1860. In the 1930s Morison published a series of books on the
history of
Harvard University

Harvard University and New England, including Builders of
the Bay Colony: A Gallery of Our Intellectual Ancestors (1930), The
Founding of Harvard College (1935), Harvard College in the Seventeenth
Century (1936), Three Centuries of Harvard: 1636–1936 (1936), and
The
Puritan

Puritan Pronaos (1936). In later years, he would return to the
subject of
New England

New England history, writing The Ropemakers of Plymouth
(1950) and The Story of the 'Old Colony' of New Plymouth (1956) and
editing the definitive work, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–1647
(1952).[1]
During his time at Harvard, Morison became the last professor to
arrive on campus via horseback.[6] He was chosen to speak at the 300th
Anniversary celebration of Harvard in 1936 and a recording of his
speech is included as part of the "Harvard Voices" collection.[7]
In 1938 Morison was elected as an honorary member of the Massachusetts
Society of the Cincinnati.
In 1940, Morison published Portuguese Voyages to America in the
Fifteenth Century, a book that presaged his succeeding publications on
the explorer, Christopher Columbus. In 1941, Morison was named
Jonathan Trumbull Professor of American History at Harvard. For
Admiral of the Ocean Sea (1942), Morison combined his personal
interest in sailing with his scholarship by actually sailing to the
various places that
Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus explored. The Harvard
Columbus Expedition, led by Morison and including his wife and Captain
John W. McElroy, Herbert F. Hossmer, Jr., Richard S. Colley, Dr.
Clifton W. Anderson, Kenneth R. Spear and Richard Spear, left on 28
August 1939 aboard the 147 foot ketch Capitana for the
Azores
.jpg/600px-Açores_2010-07-19_(5047589237).jpg)
Azores and
Lisbon,
Portugal

Portugal from which they sailed on the 45 foot ketch Mary Otis
to retrace Columbus' route using manuscripts and records of his
voyages reaching
Trinidad

Trinidad by way of Cadiz, Madeira, and the Canary
Islands.[8] After following the coast of South and
Central America

Central America the
expedition returned to
Trinidad

Trinidad on 15 December 1939.[8] The expedition
returned to New York on 2 February 1940 aboard the United Fruit liner
Veragua.[8] The book was awarded the
Pulitzer Prize

Pulitzer Prize in 1943.
Naval war service (1942–1952)[edit]
In 1942, Morison met with his friend President Franklin D. Roosevelt
and offered to write a history of
United States Navy

United States Navy operations during
the war from an insider's perspective by taking part in operations and
documenting them. The President and
Secretary of the Navy

Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox
agreed to the proposal. On May 5, 1942, Morison was commissioned a
lieutenant commander in the US Naval Reserve, and was called at once
to active duty.[1] Gregory Pfitzer explained his procedures:
He gained berths on patrol boats, destroyers, and heavy cruisers;
participated in planning sessions for invasions; witnessed sea
battles; narrowly escaped death at the hands of a kamikaze pilot; and
conducted post-operational interviews with commanders in the Pacific
theater.[9]
Morison worked with a team of researchers to prepare the History of
United States

United States Naval Operations in World War II, published in 15
volumes between 1947–1962, documenting everything from strategy and
tactics to technology and the exploits of individuals. British
military historian Sir
John Keegan called it the best to come out of
that conflict. Issued as The Rising Sun in the Pacific in 1948, Volume
3 won the
Bancroft Prize in 1949.[1]
Morison was promoted to the rank of captain on December 15, 1945. On
August 1, 1951, he was transferred to the Honorary Retired List of the
Naval Reserve and was promoted to
Rear Admiral

Rear Admiral on the basis of combat
awards.[1]
In History as a Literary Art: An Appeal to Young Historians (1946),
Morison argued that vivid writing springs from the synergy of
experience and research:
American historians, in their eagerness to present facts and their
laudable concern to tell the truth, have neglected the literary
aspects of their craft. They have forgotten that there is an art of
writing history.[10]
Later years (1953–1976)[edit]
In 1955, Morison retired from Harvard University.[1] He devoted the
rest of his life to writing. In quick succession, Morison wrote
Christopher Columbus, Mariner (1955), Freedom in Contemporary Society
(1956), The Story of the 'Old Colony' of New Plymouth, 1620–1692
(1956), Nathaniel Holmes Morison (1957), William Hickling Prescott
(1958), Strategy and Compromise (1958), and John Paul Jones: A
Sailor's Biography (1959), which earned Morison his second Pulitzer
Prize.
In the early 1960s, Morison's focus returned to his
New England

New England youth,
writing The Story of Mount Desert Island,
Maine

Maine (1960), One Boy's
Boston, 1887–1901 (1962), Introduction to Whaler Out of New Bedford
(1962), and A History of the Constitution of
Massachusetts

Massachusetts (1963). In
1963, The Two-Ocean War was published, a one-volume abridged history
of the
United States Navy

United States Navy in World War II.
In 1964, Morison received the
Presidential Medal of Freedom

Presidential Medal of Freedom from
President Lyndon B. Johnson. In presenting the distinguished historian
with the highest civilian award in the United States, Johnson noted:
Scholar and sailor, this amphibious historian has combined a life of
action and literary craftsmanship to lead two generations of Americans
on countless voyages of discovery.[11]
Morison's later years would also be devoted to books on exploration,
such as The
Caribbean
.svg/400px-Antillas_(orthographic_projection).svg.png)
Caribbean as Columbus Saw It (1964), Spring Tides (1965),
The European Discovery of America (1971–1974), and Samuel de
Champlain: Father of
New France

New France (1972). His research for the latter
book included sailing many of the routes taken by Champlain, and
tracing others by airplane.
Morison's first marriage to Elizabeth S. Greene produced four
children—one of whom, Emily Morison Beck, became editor of
Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.[12] Elizabeth died August 20, 1945. In
1949, Morison married
Baltimore

Baltimore widow Priscilla Barton. Priscilla died
February 22, 1973.
Death and legacy[edit]
Morison died of a stroke on May 15, 1976. His ashes are buried at
Forest Lawn Cemetery in Northeast Harbor, Maine. He enjoyed
considerable recognition during his lifetime, receiving two Pulitzers,
two Bancroft Prizes, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences'
Emerson-Thoreau Medal (1961), and numerous honorary degrees, military
awards, and honors from foreign nations.[13]
On July 19, 1979, the frigate USS
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison was launched,
honoring Morison and his contributions to the
United States

United States Navy.
Morison's legacy is also sustained by the
United States

United States Naval History
and Heritage Command's
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison Naval History
Scholarship.[14] Boston's Commonwealth Avenue Mall features a bronze
statue depicting Morison in sailor's oilskin.
Morison's last known public appearance was on April 8, 1976, when he
served as the ribbon cutter to open the USS Constitution Museum. "The
Museum's research library and an annual award given by the Museum for
scholarship in history are both named in his honor."[15] The museum
gives the annual
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison Award to a person whose public
service has enhanced the image of the USS Constitution, and who
reflects the best of
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison: artful scholarship,
patriotic pride, and eclectic interest in the sea and things maritime.
In 1976, the American Heritage magazine initiated an award named in
honor of Morison called the
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison Award, honoring an
American author whose work shows "that good history is literature as
well as high scholarship."[16] It lasted two years.
Since 1982, the Naval Order of the
United States

United States gives an honor in
Morison's name, the
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Naval Literature,
for significant works about the US Navy.
In 1985, the
Society for Military History established the Samuel Eliot
Morison Prize, recognizing an author's body of contributions in the
field of military history.
Criticism[edit]
Slavery[edit]
Morison was criticized by some African-American scholars for his
treatment of American slavery in early editions of his book The Growth
of the American Republic, which he co-wrote with Henry Steele Commager
and later with Commager's student William E. Leuchtenburg.[17] The
book originated as Morison's two-volume Oxford History of the United
States (
Oxford University

Oxford University Press, 1927). First published in 1930, the
first two editions of the textbook, according to these critics, echoed
the thesis of American Negro Slavery (1918) by Ulrich Bonnell
Phillips. This view, sometimes called the Phillips school of slavery
historiography, was considered an authoritative interpretation of the
history of American slavery during the first half of the twentieth
century,[18] despite the intense criticism by some African-American
scholars for its alleged racist underpinnings. Phillips's theories
remained authoritative, considered by many white scholars to be
ground-breaking and progressive when first proposed. In 1944, the
NAACP

NAACP began its criticism of The Growth of the American Republic. In
1950, Morison, while denying any racist intent—he noted his
daughter's marriage to the son of Joel Elias Spingarn, the former
President of the NAACP—reluctantly agreed to most of the demanded
changes.[19] Morison refused to eliminate references to slaves who
were loyal and devoted to their masters because they were treated
well, and to some positive "civilizing" effects of the American system
of slavery. Morison also refused to remove references to stereotypes
of African Americans that he believed were vital in accurately
depicting the racist nature of American culture in the nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries—an era when even the most enlightened
progressive thinkers routinely explained many aspects of human
behavior as a result of innate racial or ethnic characteristics.[20]
In the 1962 edition of the textbook, Morison removed additional
content that these critics found offensive.[17]
Battle of Savo Island[edit]
In his semi-official account of the Battle of Savo Island, a
disastrous defeat for the U.S. Navy in World War II, Morison partly
blamed the defeat on the failure of an Australian aircrew to inform
the Americans of the approaching Japanese forces. Morison appears to
have based this story on inaccurate, now refuted, information. On
October 21, 2014 the US Navy issued a letter of apology to the last
surviving member of the RAAF Hudson crew, who had sighted and duly
reported the approach of the Japanese Naval Task Force; the letter
states that "RAdm. Morison's criticism was unwarranted".[21]
"Dago navy"[edit]
Some degree of criticism has been leveled at Morison for his
description of the Italian
Regia Marina

Regia Marina as having been considered by
British seamen as nothing but a joke, and which he explicitly called
"Dago Navy". It ought to be noted that at that time Dago was a
commonly used Italian put down by the British much as the word Hun was
used of the Germans. Italian historian Giorgio Giorgerini wrote that
this use of an ethnic slur is the proof of a rather gratuitous and
offensive attitude towards the Italian Navy that could have been at
least more prudent in its expression.[22]
Honors and awards[edit]
Award ribbons
1st Row
Legion of Merit

Legion of Merit with "V" device
Navy Unit Commendation
Presidential Medal of Freedom

Presidential Medal of Freedom (1964)
2nd Row
World War I

World War I Victory Medal
American Campaign Medal
European-African-Middle Eastern
Campaign Medal
with battle star
3rd Row
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
with six battle stars
World War II

World War II Victory Medal
Officer,
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1961)
4th Row
Commander, Order of the White Rose of Finland
Commander,
Order of Isabella the Catholic
_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00387.JPG/400px-Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_(Spain)_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00387.JPG)
Order of Isabella the Catholic (1963)
Philippine Liberation Medal
Other honors
Honorary Member of the
Massachusetts

Massachusetts
Society of the Cincinnati

Society of the Cincinnati (1938)
Vuelo Panamericano Medal (Republic of Cuba) (1943)
Honorary degrees
Trinity College, Hartford

Trinity College, Hartford (1935)
Amherst College

Amherst College (1936)
Harvard University

Harvard University (1936)
Union College

Union College (1939)
Columbia University

Columbia University (1942)
Yale University

Yale University (1949)
Williams College

Williams College (1950)
University of Oxford

University of Oxford (1951)
Bucknell University

Bucknell University (1960)
Boston

Boston College (1961)
College of the Holy Cross

College of the Holy Cross (1962)
Literary prizes
Loubat Prize (1938) for The Founding of Harvard College (1935) and
Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century (1936)
Pulitzer Prize

Pulitzer Prize (1943) for Admiral of the Ocean Sea (1942)
Bancroft Prize (1949) for The Rising Sun in the Pacific (1948)
Pulitzer Prize

Pulitzer Prize (1960) for John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography (1959)
American Academy of Arts and Sciences

American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Emerson-Thoreau Medal (1961)
American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal (1962)
Balzan Prize

Balzan Prize (1962) for History of
United States

United States Naval Operations in
World War II

World War II (1963)[13]
Bancroft Prize (1972) for The European Discovery of America: The
Northern Voyages (1971)
Works[edit]
Main article:
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison bibliography
The following is a list of books written by
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison,
arranged alphabetically.
Admiral of the Ocean Sea. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
1942.[23]
American Contributions to the Strategy of World War II. London: Oxford
University Press, 1958.
The Ancient Classics in a Modern Democracy. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1939.
Builders of the Bay Colony. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930.
By Land and By Sea. New York: Knopf, 1953.
The
Caribbean
.svg/400px-Antillas_(orthographic_projection).svg.png)
Caribbean as Columbus Saw It. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
1964. (with Mauricio Obregon)
Christopher Columbus, Mariner. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
1955.[24]
The Class Lives of
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot and Nathaniel Homes Morison, Harvard
1839. Boston: Privately printed, 1926.
The Conservative American Revolution. Washington, DC: Society of the
Cincinnati, 1976.
Doctor Morison's Farewell to the Colonial Society of Massachusetts.
Boston: Merrymount Press, 1939.
The European Discovery of America. 2 vols. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1971–1974.
The Events of the Year MDCCCCXXXV. Boston: Merrymount Press, 1936.
The Founding of Harvard College. Cambridge:
Harvard University

Harvard University Press,
1935.
Francis Parkman. Boston:
Massachusetts

Massachusetts Historical Society, 1973.
Freedom in Contemporary Society. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
1956.
The Growth of the American Republic 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1930.[25]
Harrison Gray Otis, 1765–1848: The Urbane Federalist. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1969.
Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century. 2 vols. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1936.
Harvard Guide to American History. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1963. (with Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Frederick Merk, Arthur
Meier Schlesinger, Jr., and Paul Herman Buck)
Historical Background for the
Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bay Tercentenary in 1930.
Boston:
Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bay Tercentenary, Inc., 1928, 1930.
Historical Markers Erected by
Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bay Colony Tercentenary
Commission. Texts of Inscriptions As Revised By
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison.
Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1930.
History As A Literary Art. Boston: Old South Association, 1946.[26]
A History of the Constitution of Massachusetts. Boston: Special
Commission on Revision of the Constitution, 1963.
A History of the Constitution of Massachusetts. Boston: Wright &
Potter, 1917.
History of
United States

United States Naval Operations in World War II. 15 vols.
Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1947–1962.
An Hour of American History: From Columbus to Coolidge. Philadelphia:
J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1929.
Introduction to Whaler Out of New Bedford. New Bedford: Old Dartmouth
Historical Society, 1962.
John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1959.[27]
Life and Letters of Harrison Gray Otis. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1913.[28]
Life in Washington a Century and a Half Ago. Washington, DC: Cosmos
Club, 1968.
The Maritime History of Massachusetts, 1783–1860. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1921.
Nathaniel Homes Morison. Baltimore: Peabody Institute, 1957.
A New and Fresh English Translation of the Letter of Columbus
Announcing the Discovery of America. Madrid: Graficas Yagues, 1959.
Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–1647. Editor. New York: Knopf, 1952.
Old Bruin: Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, 1796–1858. Boston:
Little, Brown and Company, 1967.
One Boy's Boston, 1887–1901. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962.
The Oxford History of the American People. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1965.
Oxford History of the United States. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1927.
The Pilgrim Fathers: Their Significance in History. Boston: Merrymount
Press, 1937.
Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge:
Harvard University

Harvard University Press, 1940.
A Prologue to American History: An Inaugural Lecture. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1922.
The Proprietors of Peterborough, New Hampshire. Peterborough:
Historical Society, 1930.
The
Puritan

Puritan Pronaos. New York: New York University Press, 1936.
Ropemakers of Plymouth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.
Sailor Historian: The Best of
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison. Edited by Emily
Morison Beck. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.
Samuel de Champlain: Father of New France. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1972.
The Scholar in American: Past, Present, and Future. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1961.
The Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1939.
Sources and Documents Illustrating the American Revolution,
1764–1788, and the Formation of the Federal Constitution. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1923.
Spring Tides. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965.
The Story of Mount Desert Island, Maine. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1960.
The Story of the 'Old Colony' of New Plymouth, 1620–1692. New York:
Knopf, 1956.
Strategy and Compromise. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1958.
These Forty Years. Boston: Privately printed, 1948. (Address to the
40th Reunion, Harvard Class of 1908)
Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1936.
The Two Ocean War. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1963.
Vistas of History. New York: Knopf, 1964.
William Hickling Prescott. Boston:
Massachusetts

Massachusetts Historical Society,
1958.
The Young Man Washington. Cambridge:
Harvard University

Harvard University Press,
1932.[29]
References[edit]
^ a b c d e f g "
Rear Admiral

Rear Admiral
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison". Naval History and
Heritage Command. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
^ Sailer, Steve. "
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison And America's Displaced
Protestant Establishment". VDare. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
^ Washburn, Wilcomb E. "
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison, Historian" in The
William and Mary Quarterly July 1979, pp. 325-352.
^ Carrigg, John (Fall 1994). "
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison and His Catholic
Sympathies". The Dawson Newsletter. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
^ http://www.rai.ox.ac.uk/history/HarmsworthLectures
^ Harvard Gazette
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2010/12/scholars-venerable/
^ Harvard Voices Collection
https://soundcloud.com/#harvard/samuel-eliot-morison-1936?in=harvard/sets/harvard-voices
^ a b c "Samuel E. Morison's Columbus Expedition Reaches United States
After Five Months of Following Explorer's Courses". The Harvard
Crimson. The Harvard Crimson. February 2, 1940. Retrieved 4 September
2014.
^ Gregory M. Pfitzer in Kelly Boyd, ed. (1999). Encyclopedia of
Historians and Historical Writing vol 2. p. 839. CS1 maint:
Extra text: authors list (link)
^ Hornfischer, James D. "Revisiting
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison's Landmark
History". Smithsonian.com. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
^ "Remarks at the Presentation of the 1964 Presidential Medal of
Freedom Awards". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved October
25, 2011.
^ Martin, Douglas (March 31, 2004). "Emily Morison Beck, 88, Who
Edited Bartlett's Quotations, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved
October 25, 2011.
^ a b "Prizewinners". International
Balzan Prize

Balzan Prize Foundation. Archived
from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
^ "
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison Naval History Scholarship". Naval History and
Heritage Command. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^
USS Constitution Museum

USS Constitution Museum
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison Page
http://www.ussconstitutionmuseum.org/about-us/mission-and-history/samuel-eliot-morison/
^ Albin Krebs (September 29, 1977). "Notes on People". New York Times.
Retrieved December 23, 2017.
^ a b Zimmerman, Jonathan. "Brown-ing the American Textbook". History
of Education Quarterly. Archived from the original on March 18, 2005.
Retrieved March 18, 2005.
^ Revisiting Blassingame's The Slave Community: The Scholars Respond.
Ed. Al-Tony Gilmore. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978, pp x–xi,
ISBN 0-8371-9879-8.
^ Jumonville, Neil. Henry Steele Commager: Midcentury Liberalism and
the History of the Present. The University of North Carolina Press,
1999, p. 147.
^ Gossett, Thomas F. (1963). Race: The History of an Idea in America.
New York:
Oxford University

Oxford University Press.
^ Harvey, Adam (28 October 2014). "Eric Geddes: Sole survivor of WWII
RAAF aircrew wins fight to erase historic slur over Savo Island
bloodbath". ABC News. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
^ Giorgerini, Giorgio (2002). La guerra italiana sul mare : la
marina tra vittoria e sconfitta : 1940-1943 (1. ed. Oscar storia.
ed.). Milano: Mondadori. pp. 24–5.
ISBN 9788804501503.
^ books.google.com
^ books.google.com
^ books.google.com
^ www.wiu.edu
^ books.google.com
^ archive.org
^ "
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison Bibliography". Naval History and Heritage
Command. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
Further reading[edit]
Cunliffe, Marcus, and Robin W. Winks, eds. Pastmasters: some essays on
American historians (Harper & Row, 1975).
Keegan, John. The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare.
New York: Viking, 1989.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. "The Gilberts & Marshalls" in Life
Magazine, May 22, 1944.
Pfitzer, Gregory M.
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison's Historical World: In Quest
of a New Parkman. Boston: Northeastern, 1991.
Taylor, P.A.M. "
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison, Historian" Journal of American
Studies (1977) 11#1 13-26.
Washburn, Wilcomb E. "
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison, Historian" The William and
Mary Quarterly, 3rd Series, Vol. XXXVI, July 1979. in JSTOR
Faith of a Historian Presidential address read at the annual dinner of
the
American Historical Association

American Historical Association in Chicago on December 29, 1950.
American Historical Review 56:2 (January 1951): 261-75.
External links[edit]
Official
United States Navy

United States Navy Biography
Adm
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison at Find a Grave
v
t
e
Presidents of the American Historical Association
1884–1900
Andrew Dickson White

Andrew Dickson White (1884-85)
George Bancroft

George Bancroft (1886)
Justin Winsor

Justin Winsor (1887)
William Frederick Poole

William Frederick Poole (1888)
Charles Kendall Adams

Charles Kendall Adams (1889)
John Jay (1890)
William Wirt Henry (1891)
James Burrill Angell

James Burrill Angell (1892-93)
Henry Adams
.png/440px-William_Notman_-_Henry_Brooks_Adams,_1885_(transparent).png)
Henry Adams (1893-94)
George Frisbie Hoar

George Frisbie Hoar (1895)
Richard Salter Storrs

Richard Salter Storrs (1896)
James Schouler (1897)
George Park Fisher (1898)
James Ford Rhodes

James Ford Rhodes (1899)
Edward Eggleston

Edward Eggleston (1900)
1901–1925
Charles Francis Adams Jr.

Charles Francis Adams Jr. (1901)
Alfred Thayer Mahan

Alfred Thayer Mahan (1902)
Henry Charles Lea

Henry Charles Lea (1903)
Goldwin Smith

Goldwin Smith (1904)
John Bach McMaster

John Bach McMaster (1905)
Simeon Eben Baldwin

Simeon Eben Baldwin (1906)
J. Franklin Jameson (1907)
George Burton Adams (1908)
Albert Bushnell Hart

Albert Bushnell Hart (1909)
Frederick Jackson Turner

Frederick Jackson Turner (1910)
William Milligan Sloane

William Milligan Sloane (1911)
Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt (1912)
William Archibald Dunning (1913)
Andrew C. McLaughlin

Andrew C. McLaughlin (1914)
H. Morse Stephens

H. Morse Stephens (1915)
George Lincoln Burr

George Lincoln Burr (1916)
Worthington C. Ford (1917)
William Roscoe Thayer

William Roscoe Thayer (1918-19)
Edward Channing (1920)
Jean Jules Jusserand

Jean Jules Jusserand (1921)
Charles Homer Haskins

Charles Homer Haskins (1922)
Edward Potts Cheyney

Edward Potts Cheyney (1923)
Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson (1924)
Charles McLean Andrews

Charles McLean Andrews (1924-25)
1926–1950
Dana Carleton Munro

Dana Carleton Munro (1926)
Henry Osborn Taylor (1927)
James Henry Breasted

James Henry Breasted (1928)
James Harvey Robinson

James Harvey Robinson (1929)
Evarts Boutell Greene (1930)
Carl L. Becker (1931)
Herbert Eugene Bolton

Herbert Eugene Bolton (1932)
Charles A. Beard

Charles A. Beard (1933)
William Dodd (1934)
Michael Rostovtzeff

Michael Rostovtzeff (1935)
Charles Howard McIlwain (1936)
Guy Stanton Ford (1937)
Laurence M. Larson (1938)
William Scott Ferguson (1939)
Max Farrand
,_Physicist.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Albert_Einstein_and_Others_(1879-1955),_Physicist.jpg)
Max Farrand (1940)
James Westfall Thompson (1941)
Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. (1942)
Nellie Neilson (1943)
William Linn Westermann

William Linn Westermann (1944)
Carlton J. H. Hayes (1945)
Sidney Bradshaw Fay (1946)
Thomas J. Wertenbaker

Thomas J. Wertenbaker (1947)
Kenneth Scott Latourette

Kenneth Scott Latourette (1948)
Conyers Read (1949)
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison (1950)
1951–1975
Robert Livingston Schuyler (1951)
James G. Randall (1952)
Louis R. Gottschalk (1953)
Merle Curti (1954)
Lynn Thorndike

Lynn Thorndike (1955)
Dexter Perkins (1956)
William L. Langer (1957)
Walter Prescott Webb

Walter Prescott Webb (1958)
Allan Nevins

Allan Nevins (1959)
Bernadotte Everly Schmitt (1960)
Samuel Flagg Bemis (1961)
Carl Bridenbaugh (1962)
Crane Brinton (1963)
Julian P. Boyd (1964)
Frederic C. Lane (1965)
Roy Franklin Nichols (1966)
Hajo Holborn (1967)
John K. Fairbank (1968)
C. Vann Woodward

C. Vann Woodward (1969)
Robert Roswell Palmer (1970)
David M. Potter (1971)
Joseph Strayer (1971)
Thomas C. Cochran (1972)
Lynn Townsend White Jr. (1973)
Lewis Hanke (1974)
Gordon Wright (1975)
1976–2000
Richard B. Morris (1976)
Charles Gibson (1977)
William J. Bouwsma (1978)
John Hope Franklin (1979)
David H. Pinkney (1980)
Bernard Bailyn (1981)
Gordon A. Craig

Gordon A. Craig (1982)
Philip D. Curtin (1983)
Arthur S. Link (1984)
William H. McNeill (1985)
Carl Neumann Degler (1986)
Natalie Zemon Davis

Natalie Zemon Davis (1987)
Akira Iriye (1988)
Louis R. Harlan (1989)
David Herlihy (1990)
William Leuchtenburg (1991)
Frederic Wakeman (1992)
Louise A. Tilly (1993)
Thomas C. Holt (1994)
John Henry Coatsworth (1995)
Caroline Bynum (1996)
Joyce Appleby (1997)
Joseph C. Miller (1998)
Robert Darnton

Robert Darnton (1999)
Eric Foner

Eric Foner (2000)
2001–Present
William Roger Louis (2001)
Lynn Hunt (2002)
James M. McPherson
.jpg/440px-James_McPherson_2011_(cropped).jpg)
James M. McPherson (2003)
Jonathan Spence (2004)
James J. Sheehan

James J. Sheehan (2005)
Linda K. Kerber (2006)
Barbara Weinstein (2007)
Gabrielle M. Spiegel (2008)
Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
.jpg/440px-Laurel_Thatcher_Ulrich_(32803708014).jpg)
Laurel Thatcher Ulrich (2009)
Barbara D. Metcalf (2010)
Anthony Grafton

Anthony Grafton (2011)
William Cronon

William Cronon (2012)
Kenneth Pomeranz

Kenneth Pomeranz (2013)
Jan E. Goldstein (2014)
Vicki L. Ruiz (2015)
Patrick Manning (2016)
Tyler E. Stovall (2017)
Mary Beth Norton (2018)
v
t
e
Pulitzer Prize

Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography (1926–1950)
Harvey Cushing

Harvey Cushing (1926)
Emory Holloway (1927)
Charles Edward Russell

Charles Edward Russell (1928)
Burton J. Hendrick (1929)
Marquis James
.svg/240px-Princely_hat_(shaded).svg.png)
Marquis James (1930)
Henry James (1931)
Henry F. Pringle (1932)
Allan Nevins

Allan Nevins (1933)
Tyler Dennett (1934)
Douglas S. Freeman

Douglas S. Freeman (1935)
Ralph Barton Perry (1936)
Allan Nevins

Allan Nevins (1937)
Odell Shepard/
Marquis James
.svg/240px-Princely_hat_(shaded).svg.png)
Marquis James (1938)
Carl Van Doren (1939)
Ray Stannard Baker

Ray Stannard Baker (1940)
Ola Elizabeth Winslow (1941)
Forrest Wilson (1942)
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison (1943)
Carleton Mabee (1944)
Russel Blaine Nye (1945)
Linnie Marsh Wolfe (1946)
William Allen White

William Allen White (1947)
Margaret Clapp

Margaret Clapp (1948)
Robert E. Sherwood

Robert E. Sherwood (1949)
Samuel Flagg Bemis (1950)
Complete list
(1917–1925)
(1926–1950)
(1951–1975)
(1976–2000)
(2001–2025)
v
t
e
Pulitzer Prize

Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography (1951–1975)
Margaret Louise Coit (1951)
Merlo J. Pusey (1952)
David J. Mays (1953)
Charles A. Lindbergh (1954)
William S. White (1955)
Talbot Faulkner Hamlin (1956)
John F. Kennedy

John F. Kennedy (1957)
Douglas S. Freeman, John Alexander Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth
(1958)
Arthur Walworth (1959)
Samuel Eliot

Samuel Eliot Morison (1960)
David Donald (1961)
Leon Edel

Leon Edel (1963)
Walter Jackson Bate

Walter Jackson Bate (1964)
Ernest Samuels (1965)
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1966)
Justin Kaplan (1967)
George Frost Kennan (1968)
Benjamin Lawrence Reid (1969)
Thomas Harry Williams (1970)
Lawrence Thompson (1971)
Joseph P. Lash

Joseph P. Lash (1972)
W. A. Swanberg (1973)
Louis Sheaffer (1974)
Robert Caro

Robert Caro (1975)
Complete list
(1917–1925)
(1926–1950)
(1951–1975)
(1976–2000)
(2001–2025)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 75709
LCCN: n79065131
ISNI: 0000 0001 2098 157X
GND: 119073471
SELIBR: 316853
SUDOC: 031855695
BNF: cb12299295w (data)
NLA: 35702391
NDL: 00450535
NKC: skuk0004190
BNE: XX1145847
SN