SS Pasteur (1938)

SS ''Pasteur'' was a steam turbine ocean liner built for Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique. She later sailed as ''Bremen'' for Norddeutscher Lloyd. In the course of her career, she sailed for 41 years under four names and six countries' flags.

Construction

In 1933 Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique's modern flagship was gutted by fire after only two years in service. After a three-year dispute her Underwriting, underwriters agreed she was beyond economic repair and paid her owners a settlement.

With the settlement, her owners ordered ''Pasteur'' as a smaller but faster replacement ship to carry passengers and freight on their South Atlantic routes. Her main competition was the German liner , owned by the Hamburg Südamerikanische Dampfschifffahrts-Gesellschaft. She was also designed to compete with a new British ship, , which Harland and Wolff was building for Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Royal Mail Lines.

Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire began to build ''Pasteur'' began in 1938. On 15 February of that year she was launched as ''Pasteur'' after the scientist Louis Pasteur. A fire in March 1939 delayed her fitting out and she was not completed until August 1939, just before World War II broke out.

''Pasteur'' had a tonnage of 29,253 gross register tons. She was 212.4 m long and 26.8 m wide. She had 11 decks and possessed extensive loading spaces. She was designed to carry 751 passengers. She could develop about 50,000 horse power, HP and speeds up to but her usual service speed was about . Her draught was 9.3 m. She had four propellers.

History

The outbreak of World War II delayed the deployment of ''Pasteur'', and she was laid up in Saint-Nazaire in France. In 1940, she was commissioned to carry 200 tons of gold reserves from Brest, France to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Her official maiden voyage from Bordeaux to Buenos Aires was cancelled due to the outbreak of war. After the fall of France to Germany, she was taken over by the United Kingdom, Great Britain government and placed under Cunard Line, Cunard-White Star management. She was used as a troop transport and military hospital ship between Canada, South Africa, Australia and South America, and transported around 300,000 soldiers. She was sometimes called HMTS ''Pasteur''.

World War II

Due to her speed, ''Pasteur'' normally made her crossings alone and unescorted rather than as part of a convoy. She made one voyage from Glasgow to Halifax with a mixed complement of troops, including officers arranging the transport of 20,000 British troops across Canada and the Pacific to Singapore in October, 1941. She also carried almost 2,000 German prisoners to prisoner of war camps in North America. In addition, she transported prisoners from Suez, Egypt to South Africa. In 1943, she visited Freetown, Cape Town, Durban, Aden and Port Tewfik, and then back to the Clyde and Halifax. She carried 10,000 troops of the British 8th Army Corps and 5,000 US 1st Army Corps troops to the battle of Alamein. Altogether, she carried 220,000 troops, and 30,000 wounded, and traveled 370,669 miles during the war.

Post-war

After the war, ''Pasteur'' was used to repatriate US and Canadian troops then returned to her owners in October 1945. Management was returned to Cie Sudatlantique in early 1946. After her return to France in 1946, she remained in French military service as troop transporter. She carried French troops to Vietnam (Vietnam War), and then to Algeria between 1954 and 1957. She was awarded France's highest honor, the ''Croix de Guerre''. In February 1950, she made one voyage bringing 4,000 Dutch troops from Indonesia to the Netherlands.

Acquired by North German Lloyd

''Pasteur'' was laid up at Toulon in 1956 and then at Brest in 1957. During the Suez Canal affair, the ship was commissioned again in September 1956 along with other passenger and military ships to be a troop transport. While she was docked in Port Said harbor in December 1956, the HQ General of the French troops was on board. At the end of the war, ''Pasteur'' was one of the last Allied ships to leave Port Said. She was sold to Norddeutscher Lloyd, North German Lloyd for 30 million DM in September 1957. The transfer of ownership from Brest to Bremerhaven took place in September 1957.

Refit

After being acquired by North German Lloyd and renamed TS ''Bremen'' in 1957, she was extensively rebuilt at Bremer Vulkan in Bremen for approximately 65 million DM. Her size was increased to 32,336 GRT and the load-carrying capacity with 8,700 Hull (watercraft)#Metrics, tdw. She received new boilers and four steam turbines with a maximum output of 60,000 HP giving her a maximum speed of . Economical output of 53,500 HP gave a speed of . Three 1,375 Volt-ampere, KVA Electrical generator, generators had an output of 6,600 kilowatt. One very noticeable change was the new drop-shaped funnel, which was much more in proportion with the ship than the original tall funnel. To enhance comfort, two 4.5 m fin, Stabilizers were fitted. In June 1959 she underwent new sea trials.

German service

On July 9, 1959, she was placed on the Bremerhaven – Southampton – Cherbourg – New York City route. In 1960, ''Bremen'' carried approximately 28,000 passengers across the Atlantic from Europe to the USA and back again. Beginning in 1960, the ''Bremen'' was also used in cruise service to the Caribbean and South America. A bulbous bow was added during her 1965–66 refit at the repair yard of North German Lloyd. In 1970, NDL merged with Hamburg America Line to form the large shipping company, Hapag Lloyd.

In September 1971 she made her final voyage from Bremen to New York for Hapag-Lloyd. In October 1971 ''Bremen'' was sold to Greece, Greek shipping company Chandris Group, Chandris Cruises for 40 million DM after 175 Atlantic crossings and 117 cruises for NDL. The sale was completed in January, 1972.

Later career and fate

After another refit, which changed her tonnage to 23,801 tons, ''Regina'' became the flagship of Chandris Cruises and inaugurated her Mediterranean service, calling at Limassol for the first time on May 19 and taking passengers from Cyprus to Beirut, Haifa, Heraklion, Piraeus, Katakolon, Corfu, Dubrovnik and Venice. ''Regina'' continued calling at Limassol regularly every two weeks and her cruises became extremely popular.

She cruised the world until 1974, when she was laid up in Piraeus because of rising fuel costs and the loss of emigration charters to Australia

She was sold to Philippine Singapore Ports Corporation of Saudi Arabia and renamed ''Saudiphil I'' in 1977. On November 1, 1977 she arrived at Jeddah to be used as an accommodation ship for Filipino workers in Saudi Arabia.

In 1980 she was sold to the Philsimport International in Hong Kong and renamed ''Filipinas Saudi I''. While being towed by the Panamanian tug ''Sumatra'' to Taiwanese ship breakers in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, she rolled over onto her port side and sank stern first in the Indian Ocean that same year.

Crew and passengers

TS ''Bremen'' had a total crew complement of 545, with three hundred crew members in the hotel department. She could carry approximately 1,150 passengers, 216 in first class and 934 in tourist class.

Official number and call signs

Official numbers were a forerunner to IMO numbers. ''Pasteur'' had the UK official number 166305. She used the maritime call sign FNDC until 1940, and GNDW from 1940–46.

Popular culture

The magician duo Siegfried & Roy met on ''Bremen'' in 1960, where Siegfried worked as a steward and Roy as a page. The magic show, which they performed together on the ship for the first time, was the cornerstone of their later careers. The pair were fired after bringing a live cheetah on board.

References

Further reading

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External links

''Bremen'' at Simplon PostcardsTakis Solomonides AutobiographyThe TSS Pasteur… a Great Ocean Liner that was Officially Never in Service…

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pasteur (1939)
Cruise ships
Hospital ships in World War II
Merchant ships of Greece
Merchant ships of the Philippines
Merchant ships of Saudi Arabia
Merchant ships of West Germany
Ocean liners
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Passenger ships of France
Ships built in France

Steamships of France
Steamships of Greece
Steamships of the Philippines
Steamships of Saudi Arabia
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of West Germany
World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom
1938 ships
Ships of the Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique