SS Papoose

''Silvanus'' was a steam tanker built in 1920–1921 by the Southwestern Shipbuilding & Drydock Company of San Pedro for the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company with the intention of transporting oil and petroleum products between Dutch East Indies and various destinations in Europe and the Far East. The tanker was employed in this capacity through the first part of 1926. In April 1926 ''Silvanus'' collided with the tanker in the Mississippi River, resulting in the explosion and death of 26 seamen. ''Silvanus'' was declared a total loss and sold at auction to the newly formed Petroleum Navigation Company of Texas. The tanker was rebuilt and renamed ''Papoose'' and started operating in March 1927. In March 1942, she was attacked by German U-boat off the coast of North Carolina. The ship drifted for several days and eventually sank in of water off Oregon Inlet.

Design and construction

In 1920 Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Royal Dutch Shell Company, decided to expand their oil carrying fleet by placing orders with a number of United States West Coast shipyards. In August 1920 it was reported that one such order for three tankers of approximately 8,400 deadweight tonnage each was entered with the Southwestern Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.

''Silvanus'' was the second of these three vessels (the other two being SS ''Scopas'' and SS ''Semiramis''), and had her keel laid at the shipbuilder's yard on 20 October 1920, and launched on 30 June 1921, with Mrs. Earl L. Miller, wife of the Pacific coast manager of the Royal Dutch Shell, being the sponsor. The tanker was built on the Isherwood principle of longitudinal framing providing extra strength to the body of the vessel. The vessel was built according to blueprints provided by the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co., had two decks and was constructed on the three-island principle. The tanker had a cargo pump room located amidships and was able to carry up to 60,000 barrels of oil. The vessel had her machinery situated aft, was equipped with wireless apparatus and had electric lights installed along the decks.

As built, the ship was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam, and had a depth of . ''Silvanus'' was assessed at and and had deadweight tonnage of approximately 8,400. The vessel had a steel hull and a single 556 nhp triple-expansion steam engine, with cylinders of , and diameter with a stroke, that drove a single screw propeller, and moved the ship at up to . The steam for the engine was supplied by three single-ended Scotch marine boilers fitted for oil fuel.

After successful completion of sea trials on August 9, the tanker was delivered to Dutch Shell representatives the next day and put under control of Nederlandsch-Indische Tankstoomboot Maatschappij, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Royal Dutch Shell, which controlled and operated the company's vessels in the East Indies.

Operational history

After the tanker was delivered, she remained in San Pedro for the next two weeks, before sailing out for loading at San Francisco. She reached her destination on August 28, and immediately proceeded to Martinez to load full cargo of kerosene for delivery to China. Upon undergoing her final inspection, and loading the cargo, ''Silvanus'' departed San Francisco on August 31, bound for Shanghai. After an uneventful voyage, the ship reached Tianjin on October 1. The tanker then proceeded to visit ports of Shanghai, Singapore and Balikpapan, and returned to San Francisco on December 12 via Victoria and Seattle, thus successfully completing her maiden voyage. She then sailed from San Francisco on December 24 for Shanghai to commence her service in East Asia. The tanker reached her destination at the end of January and immediately proceeded to Australia via Singapore, arriving at Melbourne on 10 March 1922. After discharging her cargo, the tanker departed on March 14 for Balikpapan, the major oil producing center in the Dutch East Indies. From there ''Silvanus'' departed with a full cargo of oil on April 4, and arrived at Thames Haven on May 13. Subsequently, ''Silvanus'' spent the remainder of 1922 transporting fuel oil between Abadan and Suez, before departing in early January 1923 back to Singapore and Balikpapan. From there, she again sailed for Australia, arriving at Adelaide on 21 February 1923 with a cargo of oil, kerosene and motor spirit. The ship then went back to Balikpapan and from there sailed out for Thames Haven, reaching it on May 7. She subsequently sailed out for Port Arthur where she loaded oil and departed on June 3 bound for Indian ports. The tanker reached Bombay on July 15 via the Suez Canal.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Papoose
Tankers of the United States
Ships built in Los Angeles
1921 ships
Tankers of the Netherlands
World War II tankers of the United States
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
Shipwrecks of the Carolina coast
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Oil tankers
Maritime incidents in 1926
Maritime incidents in March 1942
Ships sunk in collisions