SS ''Mayaguez '' was a U.S.-flag state, flagged container ship that attained notoriety for its 12 May 1975 seizure by Khmer Rouge forces of Cambodia, which resulted in a confrontation with the United States at the close of the Vietnam War.

Service history

The ''Mayaguez'' was first launched in April 1944 as SS ''White Falcon'', a U.S. Maritime Commission Type C2 ship, C2-S-AJ1 freighter built by North Carolina Shipbuilding Company of Wilmington, North Carolina. After World War II, the ship was sold to Grace Line and renamed the SS ''Santa Eliana''. Seeking to containerize its coffee bean traffic from Venezuela, in 1960 Grace had the ''Santa Eliana'' and her sister ship ''Santa Leonor'' lengthened and widened by the Maryland Shipbuilding and Drydock Company and converted into the first U.S.-flagged, all-container ships devoted to foreign trade, with a capacity of 382 containers below-deck plus 94 on-deck. With Grace Line's plans repeatedly frustrated by longshoremen opposition in both Venezuela and New York, the ship was sold in 1964 to the American container line Sea-Land Service and she was renamed SS ''Sea'', and then SS ''Mayaguez'' (named after the city of Mayagüez on the west coast of Puerto Rico) in 1965. Her sister ship was renamed ''Land'' and then ''Ponce'' (after the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico, Ponce on the south coast of Puerto Rico). In 1967 Sea-Land began regular container service under contract to the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) in support of American forces in Southeast Asia, with the ''Mayaguez'' being one of many Sea-Land ships employed. In 1975 the ''Mayaguez'' was sailing a regular route: Hong Kong – Sattahip, Thailand – Singapore. On 7 May 1975, about a week after the fall of Saigon, ''Mayaguez'' left Hong Kong on what was said to be a routine voyage.Levinson, 2006, pp. 179–183

Capture and recovery

The "''Mayaguez'' incident" took place between Democratic Kampuchea, Kampuchea (formerly Cambodia) and the United States from 12 to 15 May 1975, less than a month after the Khmer Rouge took Fall of Phnom Penh, control of the capital Phnom Penh ousting the U.S.-backed Khmer Republic. After the Khmer Rouge seized the ship in a disputed maritime area, the U.S. mounted a hastily-prepared rescue operation.Wetterhahn, pp 43–46 United States Marine Corps, U.S. Marines recaptured the ship and attacked the island of Koh Tang where it was believed, in error, that the crew were being held as hostages. Encountering stronger than expected defenses on Koh Tang, three United States Air Force helicopters were destroyed during the initial assault and the Marines fought a desperate day-long battle with the Khmer Rouge before being evacuated.Wetterhahn, p. 167Wetterhahn, pp. 209–249 ''Mayaguez''s crew were released unharmed by the Khmer Rouge shortly after the attack on Koh Tang began.Wetterhahn, p. 201

Later career

Duly retrieved from Khmer Rouge forces, the ''Mayaguez'' was taken out of service and eventually scrapped in 1979.Wetterhahn, p 314

Citations

General and cited references

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Mayaguez Type C2-S-AJ1 ships World War II merchant ships of the United States Merchant ships of the United States Container ships Vietnam War merchant ships of the United States 1944 ships Ships built in Wilmington, North Carolina Captured ships