SS Dorrigo
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SS ''Dorrigo'' was a cargo and passenger steam ship. It was built under the name of ''Saint Francois'' by the Smiths Dock Company at the
South Bank The South Bank is an entertainment and commercial district in central London, next to the River Thames opposite the City of Westminster. It forms a narrow strip of riverside land within the London Borough of Lambeth (where it adjoins Alber ...
in Middlesbrough on the
River Tees The River Tees (), in Northern England, rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines and flows eastwards for to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar near Middlesbrough. The modern day history of the river has be ...
in Northeast England for the Compagnie Navale de l'Océanie for the Pacific Island postal and general trade service, for which it sailed the waters of the Pacific from 1914 to 1921. The ship suffered minor damage during the First World War during the
Bombardment of Papeete The Bombardment of Papeete occurred in French Polynesia when German warships attacked on 22 September 1914, during World War I. The German armoured cruisers and entered the port of Papeete on the island of Tahiti and sank the French gunboat ...
, prior to coming into the hands of the Langley Bros who placed it in the
Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...
to
Coffs Harbour Coffs Harbour is a city on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, north of Sydney, and south of Brisbane. It is one of the largest urban centres on the North Coast, with a population of 78,759 as per 2021 census. The Gumbaynggirr ...
route from 1922 to 1925. Upon the demise of the Langley Bros shipping firm in 1925 the vessel came into the service of John Burke and Co and was used for the Northern Queensland runs prior to its loss on 4 April 1926.


Ship description and construction


The ship builder

The SS ''Dorrigo'' was originally built under the name of ''Saint Francois'' by the Smiths Dock Company established by Thomas Smith who bought William Rowe's shipyard at St. Peter's in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1810 and traded as William Smith & Co. The company became associated with South Bank in Middlesbrough on the River Tees in Northeast England, after opening an operation there in 1907. Smiths Dock increasingly concentrated its shipbuilding business at South Bank, with its North Shields Yard being used mainly for repair work.


Ship description

The vessel was described as being a fine type of modern passenger and cargo steamer. It was specifically built for the mail service between the French Islands and had comfortable first class accommodation for 25 passengers situated in the deck, amidships, with electric bells, lights and fans to each berth. Adjoining the dining saloon which was also on the deck was a stately smoke lounge room. The vessel also had accommodation for 20 second-class passengers, situated under the
promenade deck The promenade deck is a deck found on several types of passenger ships and riverboats. It usually extends from bow to stern, on both sides, and includes areas open to the outside, resulting in a continuous outside walkway suitable for ''promena ...
and described as in keeping with the first-class accommodation in the matter of comfort. The vessel was fitted with a powerful searchlight and wireless, and all the latest appliances. The vessel was a steel single deck and the bridge ship with two masts. Its dimensions were: :Length from foredeck of stem to stern post: Lloyd's Register of Australian and New Zealand Shipping 1922–1923 :Main breadth to outside plank: :Depth from uppermost continuous deck to bottom of the hold: The vessel measured : and a :


Propulsion

''Dorrigo'' was powered by a single steel boiler producing of steam pressure. This steam fed a triple-expansion steam engine. It had cylinders of , and bore by stroke, developed 96
NHP Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are the ...
. The engines were capable of maintaining a speed of .


Ship service history


The steamer ''Saint Francois'', Pacific Service with Compagnie Navale de l'Océanie 1913–1922

In November 1914 ''Saint Francois'' arrived in Auckland from Tahiti to undergo a general overhaul. The small passenger and cargo steamer first arrived at Sydney on Thursday 8 April 1915 from Tahiti, via Nouméa, with 350 tons of copra. The steamer was normally engaged in the inter-island trade between Tahiti and other South Sea islands. The ''Saint Francois'' next arrived in Sydney from Nouméa to undergo repairs to her stern in late February 1916, which had been considerably damaged in Tahiti, with the estimate of the cost of the work is £2000. In April 1916 the ''Saint Francois'' was involved in the rescue of the steamer ''Flora''. The ''Flora'' had left Auckland on 11 April for the Eastern Pacific, and all went well until the ship was about out from
Rarotonga Rarotonga is the largest and most populous of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of , and is home to almost 75% of the country's population, with 13,007 of a total population of 17,434. The Cook Islands' Parliament buildings a ...
, en route for Raiatea, when one of the two crank-shafts broke. When the mishap occurred the engineers of the ''Flora'' set to work to try to effect repairs. For four and a half days and nights the vessel drifted, while the engineers toiled in the sweltering heat of the engine room. On the fifth day temporary repairs were effected, and the vessel was once more brought under control. Two hours and a half later the rivets joining the broken shaft gave way, and the ''Flora'' again began to drift. Shortly afterwards it came into touch with the French steamer ''Saint Francois''. Up to this time the weather had been fine, but when the ''Saint Francois'' hove into sight there were lowering clouds, and every indication of a storm. The ''Flora'' was taken in tow and
Papeete Papeete (Tahitian language, Tahitian: ''Papeete'', pronounced ) is the capital city of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of the France, French Republic in the Pacific Ocean. The Communes of France, commune of Papeete is located on the isl ...
was reached three days and three hours later, the distance of being covered at an average speed of per hour During 1920 the ''Saint Francois'' was involved in towing the hulks ''Pey Berland'' and ''Chateau Baret'' (formerly the British barque ''Cadwgan'') back to
New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...
. Both hulks had typically imported chromium ore into Australia and took coal back to New Caledonia.


WWI Service

In October 1914 the C&O companies ''Saint Francois'' arrived in Auckland from Raratonga for repairs, coal and water. The crew gave statements that the capital of Tahiti Papeete had been bombarded by German warships. A ricocheting shell had struck the funnel of the ''Saint Francois'' with another hole also in the vessel's hull above the water line. Additionally part of the vessel had undergone repairs for a grounding several months earlier as well as a survey.


Langley W. & Sons Service 1922–1925

In October 1921 Messrs. Langley Bros. purchased the ''Saint Francois'' and renamed the vessel ''Dorrigo'' to replace the ill-fated ''Fitzroy'', which foundered off the coast the previous June, and the vessel was placed into the same Coffs Harbour to Sydney route. At this time the vessel was also modified with part of the after hold being converted into a butter chamber, to carry 5,000 boxes of butter to meet the increasing coastal trade. On Thursday 9 December the ''Dorrigo'' first arrived on its maiden run for
Woolgoolga Woolgoolga is a town on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. It is on the Pacific Highway (Australia), Pacific Highway, approximately 550 km north of Sydney and 365 km south of Brisbane. The closest city to Woolgoolga is ...
and Coffs Harbour for the passenger and cargo traffic trade between Sydney. An open invitation to visit and inspect her during the morning was extended to the public. The vessel was described as to all intents and purposes a new ship and representing the last word in comfort for the coastal service, and capable of covering the distance between Coffs Harbour and Sydney in about 17 hours. By April 1925 the shipping firm of Langley Bros, went into voluntary liquidation with the shipping fleet offered for sale by public tender following serious competition from the New South Wales Government railways in the Coff's Harbour trade. The ''Dorrigo'' had been laid up since December 1924 owing to the falling off in passenger receipts.


John Burke and Co Ltd Service 1925

In July 1925 it was announced that The passenger steamer ''Dorrigo'', which since 1921 had been engaged in the passenger and cargo service between Sydney and Coff's Harbour, had been purchased by John Burke, Ltd., for use in trade between Brisbane and North Queensland ports. The vessel had only recently been purchased by the
North Coast Steam Navigation Company The North Coast Steam Navigation Company was a shipping company that operated in Australia, formed as the Grafton Steam Navigation Company in 1855. The company was later renamed the Clarence & Richmond River Steam Navigation Company before being ...
, with other vessels of the Langley fleet. It was intended to run between Brisbane and
Cooktown Cooktown is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. Cooktown is at the mouth of the Endeavour River, on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland where James Cook beached his ship, the Endeavour, for repairs ...
via ports, and expected to extend sailings to Thursday Island, when cargoes warranted. Upon arrival of the cargo steamer ''Dorrigo'' at
Cairns Cairns (, ) is a city in Queensland, Australia, on the tropical north east coast of Far North Queensland. The population in June 2019 was 153,952, having grown on average 1.02% annually over the preceding five years. The city is the 5th-most-p ...
in September 1925 the cargo was declared "black" by the waterside workers who were engaged in a dispute and who then decided not to remove the cargo from Brisbane, of which there were 100 tons for Cairns. The ship left again for Brisbane via Townsville and
Bowen Bowen may refer to: Places Australia * Bowen, Queensland, a town * Bowen Hills, Queensland, a suburb ** Bowen Hills railway station, a railway station in Bowen Hills ** Bowen Park, Brisbane, a park in Bowen Hills * Bowen Bridge, crossing the Derw ...
with the Cairns cargo still aboard.


Sinking of the SS ''Dorrigo''

The ''Dorrigo'' left Brisbane at 7 pm on 1 April for Thursday Island and intermediate northern ports carried a crew of 24, most of whom were residents of Brisbane and with between 500–600 tons of general cargo, including some benzene and kerosene. When the ''Dorrigo'' was ready to leave Brisbane on Thursday afternoon it was reported to the master that one of the firemen was ill. He was given attention, but his condition was such that it was deemed advisable to take him ashore. In his stead J. Wrench, a well-known seafarer of Brisbane, joined the ship ten minutes before it sailed. The steamer ''Dorrigo'' foundered at 6 am on Friday 2 April 1926 off Double Island Point. The first report of the disaster was not 'flashed across' the seas until an early hour on Saturday night. Then the lighthouse at Double Island Point had flashed to him a hurried alarm and a call of the mariner's "S.O.S." This was followed by a despatch intimating briefly the first news of the wreck. Within three hours of the flashes of the first word Brisbane was advised. It was reported by the Captain of the ''Dorrigo'' that the vessel had foundered with Double Island Point lighthouse, bearing north-west . The Steamer ''Moruya'' had picked up a raft with Captain C. W. Gray and his son W. E. Gray on board. The cargo from the ''Dorrigo'' had been washed ashore along a stretch of beach at Fraser's Island. Cabin doors, cased goods and kerosene were included in the wreckage, but the searchers had failed in their search for survivors. It was claimed at the time by J. E. Burke, the governing director of John Burke, Limited shipping company that the ''Dorrigo'' "was exceedingly sea worthy and we were perfectly satisfied, with her. I cannot understand how the vessel foundered, more particularly as last week she was in the cyclone that dealt severely with the ''Cooma'', and she entered port only a few hours late. She was a speedy vessel, and invariably did the trip from Brisbane to Sydney in 41 or 42 hours. These facts, combined with the knowledge that she was on her second voyage since her last overhaul, leads me to believe that something very remarkable lies contributed to her destruction." It was reported that the Captain and his son had survived the wreck and 30 hours lost at sea with tiger sharks in length nosing around the makeshift raft-of the aft deck sun awning-upon which they floated after the steamer had foundered.


Wreck location and wreckage

The wreck site is yet to be found.


References


External links


Newspaper images of the vesselImages of the missing crew
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dorrigo Shipwrecks of Queensland 1913 ships 1926 in Australia Interwar period ships of Australia Ships built on the River Tees Coastal passenger vessels of Australia Iron and steel steamships of Australia Maritime incidents in 1926