Sânandrei
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Sânandrei (formerly Sântandraș; hu, Szentandrás; german: Sanktandreas; sr, Светандраш, Svetandraš) is a
commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...
in
Timiș County Timiș () is a county ('' județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land area. T ...
,
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
. It is composed of three villages: Carani, Covaci and Sânandrei.


Name


Geography

Sânandrei is located in western Romania, in the south of the Western Plain, also known as the Tisa Plain, 12 km from
Timișoara ), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor) , image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg , map_caption = Location in Timiș County , pushpin_map = Romania#Europe , pushpin_ ...
. The total area of Sânandrei commune, composed of the three villages, Sânandrei, Carani and Covaci, is 9,684.25 ha, of which 444.25 ha in the built-up area and 9,240 ha in the outside the built-up area.


History


Sânandrei

Sânandrei is one of the oldest settlements in
Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...
, whose first recorded mention dates from 1230, when it was owned by the chapter of Arad. In the medieval period it was a Romanian locality. In 1717 it had 23 houses and was called ''St. André''. The first colonization of the village with Germans took place in 1748–1749. The second wave of colonization took place in 1766, when
French people The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the na ...
were brought in, and in 1772 the third wave of colonists settled, consisting of 42 German families. Thus, until the end of the 18th century, Sânandrei became a German locality, but the Romanians also remained an important community. In 1811 the Germans built the Roman Catholic church, and the Romanians built the Orthodox church in 1834. In the interwar period it was part of Plasa Chișoda,
Timiș-Torontal County Timiș-Torontal was a county ( ro, județ) in the Kingdom of Romania. Its capital was Timișoara. The territory of the county had been transferred to Romania in 1920 from the Kingdom of Hungary under the Treaty of Trianon. Geography Timiș-Toro ...
and was a prosperous locality. After
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, the number of Germans began to decline, and in the 1970s Romanians became the majority. After 1990, they left the village en masse to settle in
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.


Carani

Carani was built in 1735 by
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
colonists brought by the Habsburg monarchy as part of a massive effort to populate
Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...
with Western Europeans. It was one of the first villages for colonists, founded and inhabited exclusively by Italians, being the only majority-Italian settlement in the entire Banat. The inhabitants grew silkworms, having been brought there in order to start silkworm production in Banat. The village was founded under the name of ''Mercydorf'' ("Mercy's village"), in honour of General Claude Florimond de Mercy, who was charged with administering Banat. Later, new waves of colonists arrived –
French people The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the na ...
and
Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...
from Alsace-Lorraine. The first came around 1752, then in 1763, so that by 1770 the village was substantially French in character. Religious services were held in three languages:
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
, French and
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
. However, with time, the village grew more German, in line with the rest of Banat. By the end of the 18th century, Carani was already a Banat Swabian village.


Covaci

Covaci was founded in 1843 when German and a few Hungarian settlers were brought to an estate there. By 1890 it was a commune seat with 955 inhabitants and was part of
Temes County County of Temes ( Hungarian: ''Temes'', Romanian: ''Timiș'', Serbian: ''Тамиш'' or ''Tamiš'', German: ''Temes'' or ''Temesch'') was an administrative county ( comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southwestern Roma ...
, Timișoara District. The Catholic church was built between 1895–1898 and was blessed on 30 November 1898. Until the latter half of the 20th century, the village had a strong German majority. This changed dramatically due to emigration, so that by 2002, of 751 inhabitants, only 19 were Germans.


Demographics

Sânandrei had a population of 5,717 inhabitants at the 2011 census, up 6% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are
Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Roman ...
(87.7%), larger minorities being represented by
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and  ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
(1.64%) and
Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...
(1.12%). For 8.2% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are
Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pa ...
(78.05%), but there are also minorities of
Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
s (3.78%),
Greek Catholic The term Greek Catholic Church can refer to a number of Eastern Catholic Churches following the Byzantine (Greek) liturgy, considered collectively or individually. The terms Greek Catholic, Greek Catholic church or Byzantine Catholic, Byzantine Ca ...
s (2.99%),
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement
s (2.78%) and
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...
s (1.01%). For 8.26% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanandrei Communes in Timiș County Localities in Romanian Banat