The Royal Pier (previously called Victoria pier) is a pier in

Southampton Southampton () is a port city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. It is located approximately south-west of London and west of Portsmouth. The city forms part of the South Hampshire built-up area, which also covers Po ...

, United Kingdom, built during the 1830s of Victorian England and was in operation until its closure in late 1979.

History

19th Century

The pier was opened on 8 July 1833 by the then Princess Victoria, as Victoria pier and was built to provide steamer services with somewhere to dock. Prior to the construction of the pier steamer passengers had to either transit the muddy foreshore or make use of

Town Quay Town Quay is a quay and pier in Southampton, England. History A quay is first recorded on the site in 1411, known as Watergate Quay. This quay fell out of use in the 18th century and in 1803 was demolished and replaced with a new structure, use ...

which was already crowded with other commercial activities. Prior attempts to fund a pier had been made in 1825 and 1828, and in November 1829 the harbour board agreed to construct one. The act of parliament authorising the pier passed in 1831 and the construction was funded through a mortgage. The pier was designed by Edward L Stephens, a royal navy officer. Soon after its completion, the pier started to suffer from damage caused by gribble worms resulting in the foundations needing to be rebuilt in 1838. In an attempt to prevent further gribble damage the pier's pilings were covered in large headed nails which it was hoped would rust and provide the pier with a protective coating. In 1847 a horse-drawn tramway was constructed to link the pier to

Southampton Terminus railway station Southampton Terminus railway station served the Port of Southampton and Southampton City Centre, England from 1839 until 1966. The station was authorised on 25 July 1834 and built as the terminus of the London and Southampton Railway, which l ...

. In 1871 the tramway was extended to the end of the pier with a single platform station being built there. In 1876 the trams switched from being horse-drawn to using light steam locomotives. The LSWR eventually acquiring five 0-4-0WT condensing locomotives. These were augmented by two railcars in the early 20th century. In 1888 the pier was given a new gatehouse. Over a two-year period starting in 1891 the pier was rebuilt in iron and the station was expanded to house two platforms and the facilities to allow the pier to be used as a pleasure pier added. These facilities included a pavilion. The money for the pier's expansion came from part of a loan of £100,000 taken out by the harbour board which was also used to pay for dredging. The rebuilt pier was opened in 1902 by

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 185016 January 1942), was the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He served as G ...

. In 1894 the gatehouse was expanded and four years later a new pontoon was added to the pier enabling two steamers to be berthed simultaneously. The addition of the new pontoon coincided with the pier being renamed to Royal Pier.

20th Century

The start of World War I resulted in the suspension of public tramway services to the station on the pier on 1 October 1914. During the war the pier was damaged when a ship hit it. This damage prevented the tram line from reopening at the end of the war and it was officially closed in 1921. Royal pier restaurant

The pavilion was enlarged in 1922 and the gatehouse was again rebuilt in 1930. The enlarged pavilion could seat up to 1000 people and was a popular dance venue. During World War II the pier was closed to the public, re-opening in 1947. The pier was adapted to support

RoRo Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using ...

ferries in the 1950s when Red Funnel introduced . The pavilion underwent work to turn it into a ballroom in 1963.

Closure and disrepair

The pier was closed at the end of 1979. The gatehouse was reopened as a restaurant in 1986 but a fire on 4 May 1987 destroyed many of the structures on the pier. In 1992 another fire damaged the restaurant. The restaurant reopened in 2008 serving Thai cuisine. The gatehouse is a Grade II

listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern I ...

. As of 2020, the pier remains in derelict condition; numerous calls have been made to renovate or rebuild it. These calls include a £450m consultation submitted in 2015 for the area to be incorporated into a luxury waterside development consisting of housing, shops, a hotel and a casino, though progress on the development past the planning stage appeared to have stalled and the plan was ultimately terminated by

Southampton City Council Southampton City Council is the local authority of the city of Southampton. It is a unitary authority, having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. It provides a full range of local government services including c ...

on 23 August 2019.

Gallery

File:Southampton_from_Aurora_02.JPG, The Royal pier in 2007, showing its proximity to the current Red Funnel terminal. File:Royal Pier, Southampton.jpg, Royal Pier in 1979

References

External links

{{Piers in the United Kingdom Piers in Hampshire Transport in Southampton Southampton Grade II listed buildings in Hampshire