Roberto Marcolongo (August 28, 1862 in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

– May 16, 1943 in Rome) was an

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...

, known for his research in

vector calculus Vector calculus, or vector analysis, is concerned with differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in 3-dimensional Euclidean space \mathbb^3. The term "vector calculus" is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subjec ...

and

theoretical physics Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experim ...

. He graduated in 1886, and later he was an assistant of Valentino Cerruti in Rome. In 1895 he became professor of rational mechanics at the

University of Messina The University of Messina ( it, Università degli Studi di Messina; Latin: ''Studiorum Universitas Messanae''), known colloquially as UniME, is a state university located in Messina, Sicily, Italy. Founded in 1548 by Pope Paul III, it was the wor ...

. In 1908 he moved to the

University of Naples The University of Naples Federico II ( it, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II) is a public university in Naples, Italy. Founded in 1224, it is the oldest public non-sectarian university in the world, and is now organized into 26 depar ...

, where he remained until retirement in 1935. He worked on

together with

Cesare Burali-Forti Cesare Burali-Forti (13 August 1861 – 21 January 1931) was an Italian mathematician, after whom the Burali-Forti paradox is named. Biography Burali-Forti was born in Arezzo, and was an assistant of Giuseppe Peano in Turin from 1894 to 18 ...

, which was then known as "Italian notation". In 1906 he wrote an early work which used the four-dimensional formalism to account for relativistic invariance under

Lorentz transformation In physics, the Lorentz transformations are a six-parameter family of Linear transformation, linear coordinate transformation, transformations from a Frame of Reference, coordinate frame in spacetime to another frame that moves at a constant velo ...

s. In 1921 he published to Messina one of the first treaties on the special relativity and general, where he used the absolute differential calculus without coordinates, developed with Burali-Forti, as opposed to the absolute differential calculus with coordinates of

Tullio Levi-Civita Tullio Levi-Civita, (, ; 29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made signific ...

and

Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro (; 12January 1925) was an Italian mathematician. He is most famous as the discoverer of tensor calculus. With his former student Tullio Levi-Civita, he wrote his most famous single publication, a pioneering work on th ...

. He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei and other Italian academies.

Works

*
Teoria matematica dello equilibrio dei corpi elastici
' (Milano: U. Hoepli, 1904) *
Meccanica razionale
' (Milano: U. Hoepli, 1905) * ''Elementi di Calcolo vettoriale con numerose Applicazioni'' (with Burali-Forti) (Bologna, Nicola Zanichelli, 1909)
''Omografie vettoriali con Applicazioni''
(with Burali-Forti) (Torino, G. B. Petrini, 1909) *
Analyse vectorielle générale: Transformations linéaires
' (with

, translated into French by Paul Baridon) (Pavia: Mattei & C., 1913)
Analyse vectorielle générale: Applications à la mécanique et à la physique
(in French, with

and

Tommaso Boggio Tommaso Boggio (22 December 1877 – 25 May 1963) was an Italian mathematician. Boggio worked in mathematical physics, differential geometry, analysis Analysis ( : analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance in ...

) (Pavia:Mattei & C., 1913)
''Il Problema dei Tre Corpi da Newton ai Nostri Giorni''
(Milano, Ulrico Hoepli, 1919)
''Relatività''
(Messina, G. Principato, 1921)

Literature

Francesco Tricomi Francesco Giacomo Tricomi (5 May 1897 – 21 November 1978) was an Italian mathematician famous for his studies on mixed type partial differential equations. He was also the author of a book on integral equations. Biography Tricomi was born in ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marcolongo, Roberto 1862 births 1943 deaths 19th-century Italian mathematicians 20th-century Italian mathematicians