Robert David "Bob" Hormats (born April 13, 1943, in

Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the List of municipalities in Maryland, most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, and List of United States cities by popula ...

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

) is Vice Chairman of

Kissinger Associates Kissinger Associates, Inc. is a New York City-based international geopolitical consulting firm, founded and run by Henry Kissinger since 1982. The firm assists its clients in identifying strategic partners and investment opportunities and advisi ...

. Immediately prior he served as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment (at the time, entitled Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs) from 2009 to 2013. Hormats was formerly

Vice Chairman The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group ...

of Goldman Sachs (International), which he joined in 1982. He served as Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary, from 1977 to 1979, and Assistant Secretary of State, from 1981 to 1982, at the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (formerly

Bureau of Economic, Energy, and Business Affairs The Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (EB) is a bureau of the U.S. Department of State charged with promoting economic security and prosperity at home and abroad. It reports to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and t ...

). He was Ambassador and Deputy U.S. Trade Representative from 1979 to 1981. He served as a senior staff member for International Economic Affairs on the

United States National Security Council The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House, it is part of the Exe ...

from 1969 to 1977, where he was senior economic adviser to

Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (; ; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presid ...

, General

Brent Scowcroft Brent Scowcroft (; March 19, 1925August 6, 2020) was a United States Air Force officer who was a two-time United States National Security Advisor, first under U.S. President Gerald Ford and then under George H. W. Bush. He served as Military As ...

and

Zbigniew Brzezinski Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzeziński ( , ; March 28, 1928 – May 26, 2017), or Zbig, was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist. He served as a counselor to President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1966 to 1968 and was President Jimmy Carter' ...

. He helped to manage the

Nixon administration Richard Nixon's tenure as the 37th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1969, and ended when he resigned on August 9, 1974, in the face of almost certain impeachment because of the Watergate Scanda ...

's opening of diplomatic relations with China's communist government. He was a recipient of the

French Legion of Honor The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...

in 1982 and the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1974.United States Department of State
Bio at the State Dept. website Hormats has been a visiting lecturer at

Princeton University Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ...

and served on the Board of Visitors of the

Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy is the graduate school of international affairs of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. The School is one of America's oldest graduate schools of international relations and is well-ranked in it ...

Tufts University Tufts University is a private research university on the border of Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1852 as Tufts College by Christian universalists who sought to provide a nonsectarian institution of higher learning. ...

and the Dean’s Council of the

John F. Kennedy School of Government The Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), officially the John F. Kennedy School of Government, is the school of public policy and government of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school offers master's degrees in public policy, public ...

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...

. Hormats is also a member of th
Atlantic Council'
s Board of Directors.

Publications

His publications include ''The Price of Liberty: Paying for America's Wars from the Revolution to the War on Terror''; ''Abraham Lincoln and the Global Economy''; ''American Albatross: The Foreign Debt Dilemma''; and ''Reforming the International Monetary System''. Other publications include articles in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy,

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...

The Washington Post ''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large nati ...

The Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' is an American business-focused, international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The ''Journal'', along with its Asian editions, is published ...

American Banker ''American Banker'' is a Manhattan-based trade publication covering the financial services industry. Originally a daily newspaper, the print edition ceased publication in 2016, with an online edition continuing to be updated. The first issue of ...

and

The Financial Times The ''Financial Times'' (''FT'') is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs. Based in London, England, the paper is owned by a Japanese holding company, Nik ...

Education

Hormats graduated from Baltimore City College, class of 1961. He earned a BA with a concentration in economics and political science from

in 1965. He earned an

M.A. A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Tho ...

(1966), an M.A.L.D., and a PhD in International Economics in 1970 from

The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy is the graduate school of international affairs of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. The School is one of America's oldest graduate schools of international relations and is well-ranked in it ...

Memberships

Hormats is an honorary

trustee Trustee (or the holding of a trusteeship) is a legal term which, in its broadest sense, is a synonym for anyone in a position of trust and so can refer to any individual who holds property, authority, or a position of trust or responsibility to ...

of the Institute for Education (IFE). He played a role in the founding of the

Center for International Education The Center for International Education (CIE) is a program within the Department of Education Policy, Research and Administration (EPRA) in the School of Education at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. CIE is closely integrated with the acade ...

(CIE) at the

Washington International School The Washington International School (abbreviated as WIS; es, Colegio Internacional de Washington; french: École Internationale de Washington) is a private international school in Washington, DC. Established in 1966, WIS was the first school i ...

. He is a member of Securing America's Future Energy (SAFE), the

Economic Club of New York The Economic Club of New York is a U.S. nonprofit and non-partisan membership organization dedicated to promoting the study and discussion of social, economic and political questions. History Founded in 1907, the Economic Club of New York is t ...

, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Irvington Institute for Immunological Research,

Engelhard Corporation Engelhard Corporation was an American ''Fortune'' 500 company headquartered in Iselin, New Jersey, United States. It is credited with developing the first production catalytic converter. In 2006, the German chemical manufacturer BASF boug ...

, and a former member of the Rockefeller Center Club, the Pacific Council on Foreign Policy, and Freedom House. Hormats is also a member of board of directors of the

Overseas Private Investment Corporation The Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) was the United States Government's Development finance institution until it merged with the Development Credit Authority (DCA) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID ...

(OPIC) Hormats has been a guest scholar at the

Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution, often stylized as simply Brookings, is an American research group founded in 1916. Located on Think Tank Row in Washington, D.C., the organization conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in e ...

and a visiting lecturer at

. He is a member of the

Trilateral Commission The Trilateral Commission is a nongovernmental international organization aimed at fostering closer cooperation between Japan, Western Europe and North America. It was founded in July 1973 principally by American banker and philanthropist David ...

and is on the board of directors of the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund, and the Council on Foreign Relations, as well as being on the board of overseers of

Personal life

Hormats is Jewish. On November 16, 2009, Hormats received the Executive Leadership Award from the Aish Center. Hormats was married in 2015 to Catherine Azmoodeh.

Points of view

Hormats has been a supporter of legislation that would increase investments in infrastructure in America through a national bank that would develop public-private partnerships for large transportation projects. "It's a high national priority," Hormats told

Congressional Quarterly Congressional Quarterly, Inc., or CQ, is part of a privately owned publishing company called CQ Roll Call that produces a number of publications reporting primarily on the United States Congress. CQ was acquired by the Economist Group and combined ...

in March 2008. "Public-private cooperation is a really critical part. The needs are urgent." He and others argue that U.S.

transportation infrastructure Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land ( rail and road), water, cable, pipelin ...

has lagged behind foreign competitors. Unless the country picks up the pace, it will not be able to support its growing trade and population. He is an advocate of enhancing intelligence capabilities, modernizing military equipment and spending more money on preparing first-responders like firemen and emergency medical technicians for crises. He worries that future presidential administrations will spend less than they should on homeland security because to do so will require raising taxes or cutting non-defense programs. He also worries that the unpopularity of the Iraq war will cause the country to reduce its military presence overseas. Hormats has argued that China and America are financially intertwined. It would not be in China’s financial interest, he argued, to destabilize the dollar by recalling the country’s vast loans to the U.S. Doing so would result in a shrunken export market for China. Hormats calls this MAD—mutually assured depression. In 2004, the government fined Goldman Sachs $2 million for illegally and selectively promoting the stock of four Asian companies that were about to go public. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, Hormats and others "made illegal offerings of securities to select customers in 1999 and 2000 and made inappropriate statements to the press." Hormats told four media outlets that PetroChina, a Chinese-based oil producer, was not invested in Darfur. The disclosure was illegal under SEC rules, because the company had not yet gone public, and Hormats would not have been allowed to comment until it had done so.As Goldman exec, Obama nominee played key role in Sudan-linked IPO
– Public Accountability Initiative

Multimedia

* Bernard Schwartz Forum on Economic Policy, http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4052021436850786520&ei=foITS72KBMeclAe469C2Dg&q=bob+hormats&hl=en&client=firefox-a, 2007 * The Price of Liberty: Paying for America's Wars (Audio), Council of Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/publication/13774/price_of_liberty.html, May 16, 2007 * A Conversation with Robert Hormats, Charlie Rose Show, http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/8588, July 10, 2007 * Speech at The Common Good, http://www.thecommongood.net/?p=264, April 10, 2008 * 2008 Aspen Ideas Festival, http://www.plumtv.com/videos/aspen-bob-hormats-goldman-sachs/index.html, July 9, 2008 * Financial Challenges Facing the Next President,

Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research The Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) is a nonpartisan economic research institution housed at Stanford University. It was founded in 1982 as a way to bring together economic scholars from different parts of the University. ...

(SIEPR) Associates Meeting, http://www-siepr.stanford.edu/news/SIEPRHormats10708full.wmv, October 6, 2008 * Q&A at bigthink.com http://bigthink.com/roberthormats, 2008 * Inside Look – Clinton's Trip to Asia –

Bloomberg Bloomberg may refer to: People * Daniel J. Bloomberg (1905–1984), audio engineer * Georgina Bloomberg (born 1983), professional equestrian * Michael Bloomberg (born 1942), American businessman and founder of Bloomberg L.P.; politician and m ...

, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zl1JxpI7t74, February 14, 2009 * Nomination hearing,

Senate Foreign Relations Committee The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the U.S. Senate charged with leading foreign-policy legislation and debate in the Senate. It is generally responsible for overseeing and funding foreign aid p ...

, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjbyfJqiZuA, September 10, 2009 (excerpt) * Interview at event co-hosted by

AmCham China The American Chamber of Commerce in the People's Republic of China (AmCham China) is a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization whose membership comprises 4,000 individuals from 900 companies operating across China. The chamber's mission is to ...

and the

US-China Business Council The US-China Business Council (USCBC) is a nonprofit organization whose stated goal is promoting trade between the United States and China. It comprises around 200 American companies that trade and do business with China. History The council was f ...

(USCBC), http://www.amchamchina.org/article/5280,

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

, November 20, 2009

Documentation

* Senate Opening Statement for Nomination Hearing for Robert Hormats, Sen. Richard Lugar, http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2009/LugarStatement090909a.pdf, September 9, 2009 * Senate testimony, http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2009/HormatsTestimony090909a.pdf, September 9, 2009

References

External links

Hormat's Involuntary Profile, LittleSis
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hormats, Robert Atlantic Council Living people The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni Goldman Sachs people American foreign policy writers American male non-fiction writers United States Department of State officials Obama administration personnel 20th-century American Jews American bankers Businesspeople from Baltimore Baltimore City College alumni 1943 births National Bureau of Asian Research 21st-century American Jews