River Douglas (Lancashire)
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The River Douglas, also known as the River Asland or Astland, flows through parts of Lancashire and Greater Manchester in
North West England North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of England, administrative counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of ...
. It is a tributary of the
River Ribble The River Ribble runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. It starts close to the Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, and is one of the few that start in the Yorkshire Dales and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea (t ...
and has several tributaries, the major ones being the
River Tawd The River Tawd flows through Skelmersdale and Lathom in West Lancashire. Tawd Bridge carried Ormskirk Road, the main arterial road from Wigan to Ormskirk and Southport. This is well known to Upholland locals as the place where highwayman Georg ...
and the River Yarrow. In 1720 an act of Parliament was passed allowing
Thomas Steers Thomas Steers was thought to have been born in 1672 in Kent and died in 1750. He was England's first major civil engineer and built many canals, the world's first commercial wet dock (the Old Dock at Liverpool), St. George's Church at the site o ...
and William Squire to make the Douglas navigable to small ships between Wigan and its mouth. Amid financial irregularities, the
Douglas Navigation The Douglas Navigation was a canalised section of the River Douglas or Asland, in Lancashire, England, running from its confluence with the River Ribble to Wigan. It was authorised in 1720, and some work was carried out, but the undertakers lo ...
was not completed until 1742, and by 1783, it had been superseded by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. It reverted to being a river, although the remains of several locks can still be seen between Parbold and Gathurst. The Rufford Branch of the canal joins the river at Tarleton. The river rises on Winter Hill on the West Pennine Moors, and flows for through several towns and onto the Ribble estuary past Tarleton, the last or so being tidal. In 1892 the Douglas was diverted in Wigan to allow the construction of
Wigan Central railway station Wigan Central railway station was a railway station near the centre of Wigan, Lancashire, England. Location and construction Wigan Central station was on Station Road, some way from the two main stations ( North Western and Wallgate) which a ...
.


Etymology

The ''Douglas'' is derived from the Brittonic elements ''dūβ-'', meaning "black", and ''*glẹ:ss'', "stream, rivulet, watercourse" (
Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...
''du-glais''). This etymology is shared by like-named rivers in The Old North, such as the
Douglas Water The Douglas Water ( gd, Dùghlas) is a river in South Lanarkshire of south-central Scotland. It is a tributary of the River Clyde. Etymology The river's name comes from the Gaelic ''dubh-ghlas'' or Brittonic ''dūβ-*glẹiss'', both meaning ei ...
in Scotland.


Route

The River Douglas rises at Douglas Springs, a series of springs on Rivington Moor close to the contour near to the summit of Winter Hill. The River Yarrow, one of its major tributaries, rises at springs less than a mile (1.6 km) to the north-west. Nearby are Anglezarke Reservoir, Upper Rivington Reservoir, and Lower Rivington Reservoir, three reservoirs that form part of the Rivington Chain, a network of reservoirs built to meet the drinking water needs of Liverpool. They disrupt the natural drainage patterns of both rivers. The Douglas descends rapidly, dropping below the contour before it empties into the Lower Rivington Reservoir, just to the north of Horwich. Below the dam, flow in the river is maintained by compensation water released from the reservoir, and marks the county boundary between Greater Manchester and Lancashire. The river is crossed by the M61 motorway near Rivington services, and then turns to the north-west to reach the southern edge of Adlington. As it weaves its way in a generally south-westerly direction, it is crossed by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, on a
grade II listed In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
aqueduct designed by John Rennie in the 1790s. The aqueduct has a round arch and is constructed of rock-faced stone. Next, it by passes Worthington Lakes, three reservoirs built in the 1860s to provide drinking water for Wigan, and now managed as a country park by United Utilities. The river ceases to form the county boundary just before the lakes, and re-emerges from a tunnel below the reservoir dam, passing to the east of Standish. It continues southwards to Wigan, where it passes through a long culvert under the railway near Wigan North Western station, is crossed again by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and heads north-west, closely paralleled by the canal. It is crossed by the M6 motorway and the Manchester-Southport line near Gathurst station, passes by the village of Appley Bridge, and at
Parbold Parbold is a village and civil parish in West Lancashire, England. Local government Parbold had a population of 2,582 at the 2011 Census. West Lancashire is divided into 19 parish councils, the first tier of local government. Parbold is borde ...
the canal crosses for the third time, as the river turns to the north and north-west. The aqueduct was designed by John Longbotham, has a semi-elliptical arch, and dates from 1791-2. The river drops below the contour at Parbold, and continues across open countryside where it is joined by the
River Tawd The River Tawd flows through Skelmersdale and Lathom in West Lancashire. Tawd Bridge carried Ormskirk Road, the main arterial road from Wigan to Ormskirk and Southport. This is well known to Upholland locals as the place where highwayman Georg ...
, flowing north from Skelmersdale, becoming tidal before it reaches the village of Rufford. White Bridge at Rufford is a grade II listed structure with three spans, constructed of squared sandstone. It carries the B5246 Station Road over the river, and dates from the time of the construction of the Douglas Navigation, between 1720 and 1742. Below the bridge, the channel is rather straighter. Until 1805, the river was joined by the Rufford Branch of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Sollom Lock, but the lock was abandoned and a new one built further downstream at Tarleton. In order to do this, a new channel was created for the river further to the east, and the original channel was reused by the canal. On the new section, Great Hanging Bridge is similar to White bridge, both in date and in its three arches, and it carries the
A581 road List of A roads in zone 5 in Great Britain starting north/east of the A5, west of the A6, south of the Solway Firth/Eden Estuary The River Eden is a river in Fife in Scotland, and is one of Fife's two principal rivers, along with the Leve ...
. Below it, the river is joined by the River Yarrow, which has taken a more direct route from its source to this point. At Tarleton, another three-span bridge carries the
A59 road The A59 is a major road in England which is around long and runs from Wallasey, Merseyside to York, North Yorkshire. The alignment formed part of the Trunk Roads Act 1936, being then designated as the A59. It is a key route connecting Merseysi ...
over the river. It is built from rock-faced sandstone blocks, and the keystone on the southern side indicates it was constructed in 1821. The north side is of red sandstone, with indications that it might once have been part of a narrower bridge. After its junction with the canal at Tarleton Lock, the final of the river to its junction with the
River Ribble The River Ribble runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. It starts close to the Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, and is one of the few that start in the Yorkshire Dales and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea (t ...
, here also known as the River Asland, is used by boat traffic transferring from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to the
Lancaster Canal The Lancaster Canal is a canal in North West England, originally planned to run from Westhoughton in Lancashire to Kendal in south Cumbria (historically in Westmorland). The section around the crossing of the River Ribble was never completed, a ...
since the opening of the
Ribble Link The Millennium Ribble Link is a linear park, linear water park and new navigation which links the once-isolated Lancaster Canal in Lancashire, England to the River Ribble. The Lancaster Canal was never connected to the rest of the English waterw ...
in 2002.


Hydrology

The reservoirs of the Rivington Chain capture and store run-off from Winter Hill and Rivington Moor, much of which is used to provide a public water supply to areas of Lancashire and Greater Manchester. However, as a result of the original statutes that allowed them to be built, the water company is required to maintain some flow in the river below the reservoirs, and this compensation flow provides a fairly steady baseline flow in the river throughout the year. It is only normally exceeded if the reservoirs become full. On the upper reaches of the Douglas, the river bed is relatively steep, and consequently the river level can change quickly as a result of rainfall. As the river progresses to the west, the gradient lessens, and level changes occur more slowly. There are two locations on the river where water is abstracted to maintain levels in the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. On many sections of the river, flows are augmented by the discharge from sewage treatment works. Major treatment works are located at Horwich on the upper river, at Wigan Wastewater Treatment works in Lathom on the central section, and at Skelmersdale on the River Tawd. Upgrades to the Wigan and Skelmersdale Treatment Works have been carried out, to improve the quality of the final effluent before discharge into the river system, while in Wigan, the sewage system has been improved, to reduce the amount of raw sewage discharged into the river by combined sewer overflows. In Standish, the pumping station at Chorley Road has been upgraded to reduce its impact on the river, while in Horwich, there was an ongoing scheme in 2014 in which volunteers walked the river to identify pollution points, which were then followed up by officers from the Environment Agency. Run-off of nutrients and other pollutants from agricultural land has also been addressed through the Catchment Sensitive Farming project, run jointly by Natural England, the Environment Agency and the
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a department of His Majesty's Government responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in the United K ...
. Another joint initiative between the Environment Agency and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds has seen sea defences improved and of saltmarsh created as part of the Hesketh Outmarsh Coastal Realignment project.


Tributaries

*Longton Brook *Centre Drain *Carr Heys Watercourse *Tarra Carr Gutter **Hall Pool *Dunkirk Dib *Rakes Brook *Carr Brook *Strine Brook * River Yarrow **tributaries of the Yarrow listed under River Yarrow


Water quality

The Environment Agency measure the water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates,
angiosperm Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s and fish, and chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations. Chemical status is rated good or fail. The water quality of the River Douglas system was as follows in 2016. The section marked Ribble covers the tidal River Ribble and the lower of tidal River Douglas. Reasons for the quality being less than good include sewage discharge for most of the river, together with physical modification of the channel and poor nutrient management of agricultural land on the lower sections.


Bibliography

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References


External links


Ribble Link TrustA few views of the River Douglas in a personal 'blog'
{{Authority control
Douglas Douglas may refer to: People * Douglas (given name) * Douglas (surname) Animals *Douglas (parrot), macaw that starred as the parrot ''Rosalinda'' in Pippi Longstocking *Douglas the camel, a camel in the Confederate Army in the American Civil W ...
Douglas Douglas may refer to: People * Douglas (given name) * Douglas (surname) Animals *Douglas (parrot), macaw that starred as the parrot ''Rosalinda'' in Pippi Longstocking *Douglas the camel, a camel in the Confederate Army in the American Civil W ...
West Pennine Moors